Epidemiology and Public Health

Question 1

What is an Endemic?

Answer 1

A disease that is constantly present in a population

Question 2

What is an Epidemic?

Answer 2

Disease occurs in an unusually high number of individuals in a population at the same time

Question 3

What is a Pandemic?

Answer 3

A widespread, usually global, epidemic disease

Question 4

What is the 1st Koch Postulate?

Answer 4

1. The suspected pathogenic organism should be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals

Question 5

What is the 2nd Koch Postulate?

Answer 5

2. The suspected organism should be grown in pure culture.

Question 6

What is the 3rd Koch Postulate?

Answer 6

3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected organism should cause disease in a healthy animal.

Question 7

What is the 4th Koch Postulate?

Answer 7

4. The organism should be reisolated and shown to be the same as the orginal

Question 8

What are the limits to Koch’s Postulates?

Answer 8

Need an experimental animal susceptible to the disease. Not all pathogens can be cultured. Many pathogens that cause disease in humans do not cause disease in other animals.

Question 9

What are the 4 steps to Drinking Water Purification?

Answer 9

1. Settling (Coagulation). 2. Filtration. 3. Chlorination (sometimes). 4. Storage

Question 10

What are Coliform bacteria?

Answer 10

Gram Negative, Rod shape, Lactose fermenting

Question 11

Once you find water contaminated with E coli, how do you trace it back to find out where the E coli came from?

Answer 11

Isolate unique DNA sequences to that sample, amplify it, image on gel electrophoresis and analyze pattern to known samples