Physiological changes during pregnancy Flashcards
breasts changes
- enlargement
- tender, full, tingling
- striae fr stretching
- prominent veins fr incr BF
prolactin is produced by ____ + causes ____
- ant. pituitary
- productn of COLOSTRUM
- incr growth of mammary glands
- incr in lactiferous ducts
colostrum
- first milk
- yellow secretion rich in antibodies
- begins as early as 16 wk
goodell’s sign
softening of cervix
hegar’s sign
softening of lower uterine segment
chadwick’s sign
bluish coloration of cervix, vaginal mucosa, + vulva
braxton hicks
contractions caused by increased estrogen
incr leukorrhea
increaed discharge fr increased vascularity _ hypertrophy of vagina + glands
-caused by P + E
pH of vagina
more acidic
- means less bacteria
- but more prone to yeast
decr in BP
-decr in peripheral vasc resistance
cardiac
- incr in blood vol 40-45%
- incr in CO 40%
- incr HR
- incr stroke vol 25-30%
- sys murmur, maybe S3
- incr in size
plasma incr by ___ and RBC incr by ___
50%
30%
risk for DVT
- bc hypercoag
- incr in plasma fibrin, incr in fibrinogen, decr in coag inhibitors
- to protect mom fr blood loss in birth
incr venous pressure + decr BF to extremeties due to ________ causes ________
due to COMPRESSION of ILIAC VEINS + INFR VENA CAVA
|»_space;edema in lower, varicosities, hemorrhoids
changes in respiratory
- slight hypervent
- slight alkalosis
- incr tidal vol
E + P + prostaglandins on resp
incr vascular engorement + smooth muscle relaxatn
|»_space;causes congestion, nosebleeds, + dyspnea
incr BF to kidneys causes…
- frequency + incontinence
- risk for UTI
- incr GFR> incr UO
- glucosuria + proteinuria
renal in third trimester
-decr renal flow» dependent edema
n/v in early preg is due to
incr hCG + altered carb metabolism
bloating, flatulence, + constipation is caused by
incr progesterone levels
|»_space;>relaxes smooth muscles
gallstone + cholestasiis is caused by
incr progesterone levels
»>decr muscle tone of gallbladder
»>prolonged emptying time
estrogen on GI
-vascular congestion
|»_space; gingivitis, bleeding gums, incr peridontal disease
progesterone + relaxin on skeletal
- soft joints> incr mobility
- waddle gait
- lower back/pelvic discomfort
- incr risk for falls fr shift in center of gravity + change in gait
estrogen on ligaments
incr elasticity
incr adrenocorticosteroids on muscles
leads to cutaneous elastic tissue becoming fragile
|»_space;>incr striae
low fsh
amenorrhea
estrogen causes..
- uterine + breast enlargement
- incr vascularity
- hyperpigmentation
- alters metab processes + fluid electrolyte imbalance
incr oxytocin causes
- UC
- milk let down + ejection
incr hCG
- maintains corpus luteum until placenta becomes fully functional
- N/V
breasts tenderness + leaking
nursing care
- good posture
- supportive bra
- breast pads for leaking
*all normal**
braxton hicks nursing care
- occasional contractions are normal
- wear uterus girdle
- adeqt fluid intake
- call hcp if becomes regular + persists before 37 wk
yeast infection nursing care
- panty liner
- cotton underwear
- avoid douching/ femme hygiene products
- contact HCP if discharge is foul or pruritus
dependent lower extremities or varicosities nursing care
- loose clothing
- maternal girdle
- avoid prolonged sitting/standing
- dorsiflex feet often
- elevate legs when sitting
- position on side when lying down
for varicosities, wear a support hose or raise her legs on the wall
hyperventilation + dyspnea nursing care
- reassure normalcy
- slow down resp rate + depth
- good posture
- stand + stretch, take deep breath often
- sleep w lots of pillows semi sitting up
nasal/sinus congestion nursing care
- cool air humidifier
- avoid decongestants + sprays
- -use normal saline drops instead
frequency + urgency
- normal + more commin in 1st + 3rd tri
- empty bladder frequently
- wipe front to back
- maintain adequate hydration
- pee after sex
- exercise kegel
*notify hcp if blood in urine
N/V nursing care
- small freq meals
- fluid BW meals not during
- crackers/toast in AM
- wear P6 acupressure wristbands
- B6 25 mg 3x oral
- ginger 250 mg 4x/day
flatulence nursing care
- reg bowel habits
- reg exercise
- avoid gassy foods
- chew foods slowly + thoroughly
- knee to chest positions
hemorrhoids (late pregnancy) nursing care
- avoid constipation
- avoid bearing down
- comfort measures (ice pack, warm bath, witch hazel compress)
- elevate hips + lower extremities during rest
- gently reinsert hemorrhoids when doing kegels
diastasis recti
separation of rectus abdomen during pregnancy from being stretched
diastasis recti nursing care
- ab strengthening like crunches
- to sit up: roll to side, lift torso up using arms until in sitting position
round ligament spasms and pain
nursing care
- lie on side + flex knees up to abdomen
- bend toward pain
- pelvic rocking exercise
- warm baths or compress
- sim’s position
leg cramp
nursing care
- dorsiflex foot
- warm bath/compress
- change positions slowly
- massage affected area
- regularly exercise
striae nursing care
- no way to prevent them
- lotions, oatmeal baths, nonbinding clothing for comfort
- good wt control
folic acid intake
600 micrograms
