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OB > Physiological changes during pregnancy > Flashcards

Physiological changes during pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

breasts changes

A
  • enlargement
  • tender, full, tingling
  • striae fr stretching
  • prominent veins fr incr BF
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2
Q

prolactin is produced by ____ + causes ____

A
  • ant. pituitary
  • productn of COLOSTRUM
  • incr growth of mammary glands
  • incr in lactiferous ducts
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3
Q

colostrum

A
  • first milk
  • yellow secretion rich in antibodies
  • begins as early as 16 wk
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4
Q

goodell’s sign

A

softening of cervix

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5
Q

hegar’s sign

A

softening of lower uterine segment

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6
Q

chadwick’s sign

A

bluish coloration of cervix, vaginal mucosa, + vulva

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7
Q

braxton hicks

A

contractions caused by increased estrogen

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8
Q

incr leukorrhea

A

increaed discharge fr increased vascularity _ hypertrophy of vagina + glands
-caused by P + E

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9
Q

pH of vagina

A

more acidic

  • means less bacteria
  • but more prone to yeast
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10
Q

decr in BP

A

-decr in peripheral vasc resistance

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11
Q

cardiac

A
  • incr in blood vol 40-45%
  • incr in CO 40%
  • incr HR
  • incr stroke vol 25-30%
  • sys murmur, maybe S3
  • incr in size
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12
Q

plasma incr by ___ and RBC incr by ___

A

50%

30%

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13
Q

risk for DVT

A
  • bc hypercoag
  • incr in plasma fibrin, incr in fibrinogen, decr in coag inhibitors
  • to protect mom fr blood loss in birth
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14
Q

incr venous pressure + decr BF to extremeties due to ________ causes ________

A

due to COMPRESSION of ILIAC VEINS + INFR VENA CAVA

|&raquo_space;edema in lower, varicosities, hemorrhoids

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15
Q

changes in respiratory

A
  • slight hypervent
  • slight alkalosis
  • incr tidal vol
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16
Q

E + P + prostaglandins on resp

A

incr vascular engorement + smooth muscle relaxatn

|&raquo_space;causes congestion, nosebleeds, + dyspnea

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17
Q

incr BF to kidneys causes…

A
  • frequency + incontinence
  • risk for UTI
  • incr GFR> incr UO
  • glucosuria + proteinuria
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18
Q

renal in third trimester

A

-decr renal flow» dependent edema

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19
Q

n/v in early preg is due to

A

incr hCG + altered carb metabolism

20
Q

bloating, flatulence, + constipation is caused by

A

incr progesterone levels

|&raquo_space;>relaxes smooth muscles

21
Q

gallstone + cholestasiis is caused by

A

incr progesterone levels
»>decr muscle tone of gallbladder
»>prolonged emptying time

22
Q

estrogen on GI

A

-vascular congestion

|&raquo_space; gingivitis, bleeding gums, incr peridontal disease

23
Q

progesterone + relaxin on skeletal

A
  • soft joints> incr mobility
  • waddle gait
  • lower back/pelvic discomfort
  • incr risk for falls fr shift in center of gravity + change in gait
24
Q

estrogen on ligaments

A

incr elasticity

25
Q

incr adrenocorticosteroids on muscles

A

leads to cutaneous elastic tissue becoming fragile

|&raquo_space;>incr striae

26
Q

low fsh

A

amenorrhea

27
Q

estrogen causes..

A
  • uterine + breast enlargement
  • incr vascularity
  • hyperpigmentation
  • alters metab processes + fluid electrolyte imbalance
28
Q

incr oxytocin causes

A
  • UC

- milk let down + ejection

29
Q

incr hCG

A
  • maintains corpus luteum until placenta becomes fully functional
  • N/V
30
Q

breasts tenderness + leaking

nursing care

A
  • good posture
  • supportive bra
  • breast pads for leaking

*all normal**

31
Q

braxton hicks nursing care

A
  • occasional contractions are normal
  • wear uterus girdle
  • adeqt fluid intake
  • call hcp if becomes regular + persists before 37 wk
32
Q

yeast infection nursing care

A
  • panty liner
  • cotton underwear
  • avoid douching/ femme hygiene products
  • contact HCP if discharge is foul or pruritus
33
Q

dependent lower extremities or varicosities nursing care

A
  • loose clothing
  • maternal girdle
  • avoid prolonged sitting/standing
  • dorsiflex feet often
  • elevate legs when sitting
  • position on side when lying down

for varicosities, wear a support hose or raise her legs on the wall

34
Q

hyperventilation + dyspnea nursing care

A
  • reassure normalcy
  • slow down resp rate + depth
  • good posture
  • stand + stretch, take deep breath often
  • sleep w lots of pillows semi sitting up
35
Q

nasal/sinus congestion nursing care

A
  • cool air humidifier
  • avoid decongestants + sprays
  • -use normal saline drops instead
36
Q

frequency + urgency

A
  • normal + more commin in 1st + 3rd tri
  • empty bladder frequently
  • wipe front to back
  • maintain adequate hydration
  • pee after sex
  • exercise kegel

*notify hcp if blood in urine

37
Q

N/V nursing care

A
  • small freq meals
  • fluid BW meals not during
  • crackers/toast in AM
  • wear P6 acupressure wristbands
  • B6 25 mg 3x oral
  • ginger 250 mg 4x/day
38
Q

flatulence nursing care

A
  • reg bowel habits
  • reg exercise
  • avoid gassy foods
  • chew foods slowly + thoroughly
  • knee to chest positions
39
Q

hemorrhoids (late pregnancy) nursing care

A
  • avoid constipation
  • avoid bearing down
  • comfort measures (ice pack, warm bath, witch hazel compress)
  • elevate hips + lower extremities during rest
  • gently reinsert hemorrhoids when doing kegels
40
Q

diastasis recti

A

separation of rectus abdomen during pregnancy from being stretched

41
Q

diastasis recti nursing care

A
  • ab strengthening like crunches

- to sit up: roll to side, lift torso up using arms until in sitting position

42
Q

round ligament spasms and pain

nursing care

A
  • lie on side + flex knees up to abdomen
  • bend toward pain
  • pelvic rocking exercise
  • warm baths or compress
  • sim’s position
43
Q

leg cramp

nursing care

A
  • dorsiflex foot
  • warm bath/compress
  • change positions slowly
  • massage affected area
  • regularly exercise
44
Q

striae nursing care

A
  • no way to prevent them
  • lotions, oatmeal baths, nonbinding clothing for comfort
  • good wt control
45
Q

folic acid intake

A

600 micrograms

OB (18 decks)

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