Physio- Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acromegaly

A
  • Excess of growth hormone being produced after you stop growing
  • can’t grow any taller
  • certain bones get bigger/wider
  • cancer in anterior pituitary, overproducing growth hormone
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2
Q

Gigantism

A
  • in anterior pituitary, tumor occurred during growth
  • tissues not growing proportionally with bone
  • joints are weak
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3
Q

Endocrine pathology

A
  • subnormal hormone production
  • hormone excess
  • production of abnormal hormones
  • resistance to hormone action
  • abnormalities of hormone transport or metabolism
  • multiple hormone abnormalities
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4
Q

3 ways to stimulate hormone release

A

1) humoral
2) neural
3) hormonal

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5
Q

Humoral

A

Capillary blood contains low concentration of calcium, which stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

Neural

A

Preganglionic SNA fiber stimulates adrenal medulla cells to secrete catecholamines

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7
Q

Hormonal

A

The hypothalamus secretes hormones that simulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones

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8
Q

Myxedema

A
  • Severe hypothyroid syndrome in adults

- low metabolic rate, chilled constipation, thick dry skin, puffy eyes, edema, lethargy, mental sluggishness

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9
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A
  • hyposecretion or hypoactivity of insulin

- when insulin is absent or deficient, blood sugar remains high after meal

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10
Q

Type I diabetes

A
  • Insulin-dependent
  • resulting from destruction of pancreatic islet cells, the source of insulin
  • autoimmune disease
  • long-term vascular and neural problems
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11
Q

Type II diabetes

A
  • non-insulin dependent
  • resulting from UNRESPONSIVE insulin receptors - insulin resistance
  • linked to obesity
  • disease management by exercise and diet
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12
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins

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13
Q

Two types of contractile myofilaments

A

1) thick - contain bundled myosin molecules

2) thin - contain actin molecules

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14
Q

Sarcomere

A

Segment of a myofibril

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15
Q

Muscle fibers made of…

A

Myofibrils

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