Physio- Quiz 5 Flashcards
Acromegaly
- Excess of growth hormone being produced after you stop growing
- can’t grow any taller
- certain bones get bigger/wider
- cancer in anterior pituitary, overproducing growth hormone
Gigantism
- in anterior pituitary, tumor occurred during growth
- tissues not growing proportionally with bone
- joints are weak
Endocrine pathology
- subnormal hormone production
- hormone excess
- production of abnormal hormones
- resistance to hormone action
- abnormalities of hormone transport or metabolism
- multiple hormone abnormalities
3 ways to stimulate hormone release
1) humoral
2) neural
3) hormonal
Humoral
Capillary blood contains low concentration of calcium, which stimulates secretion of parathyroid hormone
Neural
Preganglionic SNA fiber stimulates adrenal medulla cells to secrete catecholamines
Hormonal
The hypothalamus secretes hormones that simulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
Myxedema
- Severe hypothyroid syndrome in adults
- low metabolic rate, chilled constipation, thick dry skin, puffy eyes, edema, lethargy, mental sluggishness
Diabetes mellitus
- hyposecretion or hypoactivity of insulin
- when insulin is absent or deficient, blood sugar remains high after meal
Type I diabetes
- Insulin-dependent
- resulting from destruction of pancreatic islet cells, the source of insulin
- autoimmune disease
- long-term vascular and neural problems
Type II diabetes
- non-insulin dependent
- resulting from UNRESPONSIVE insulin receptors - insulin resistance
- linked to obesity
- disease management by exercise and diet
Sarcomere
Contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins
Two types of contractile myofilaments
1) thick - contain bundled myosin molecules
2) thin - contain actin molecules
Sarcomere
Segment of a myofibril
Muscle fibers made of…
Myofibrils
