Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Intro/Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Intro/Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

Concerns the function of the body’s structural machinery; how all the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 critical ideas

A

1) Hierarchy of structural
2) Complementarity of function
3) Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive feedback

A

Causes change in state from increase of positive stimulus, output of system is further accelerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative feedback

A

Action of effector returns the variable to a more normal value, therefore reducing the intensity of the original stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intrinsic controls

A

When the function of an organ or tissue is regulated by factors originating from within the organ or tissue itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extrinsic controls

A

Regulatory mechanisms initiated outside of organ, involves nervous and/or endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effector

A

Enabling the control center response or output to stimulus; allows change on variable to take effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Variable

A

Factor or event being regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Receptor

A

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes in stimuli by sending info (input) to the CONTROL CENTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Control center

A

Determines the set point (level or range) at which a variable is to be maintained
AND
Analyzes input it receives and determines the appropriated response course of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Control system

A

A group of components that maintains a desired result by manipulating the value of another variable in the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anatomy

A

Studies the structure of body parts and their interrelationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are forms of carrier mediated transport?

A

1) facilitated diffusion
2) active transport
3) secondary active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure within a cell
– Depends on concentration and permeability of solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypotonic solution

A
  • Has low concentration of nonpermeating solutes (high water concentrations)
  • Cells in this solution would absorb water, swell and may burst (lyse)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypertonic solution

A
  • has high concentration of nonpermeating solutes (low water concentration)
  • cells in this solution would lose water + shrivel (crenate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Solution that doesn’t alter cell volume; normal saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of intercellular communication?

A

1) gap junctions
2) paracrine secretion
3) hemocrine secretion
4) transient direct linkup of cells
5) neurotransmitter secretion
6) neurohormone secretion

19
Q

What is the hierarchy of structural organization?

A

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

20
Q

What are necessary life functions?

A

MaMoRD MERG
1) Maintaining boundaries, 2) movement, 3) responsiveness (irritability), 4) digestion, 5) metabolism, 6) excretion, 7) reproduction and 8) growth

21
Q

Survival needs of the body

A

NOW NAed

1) Nutrients, 2) oxygen, 3) water, 4) normal body temperature, 5) atmospheric pressure

22
Q

Homeostasis

A

A dynamic state of equilibrium, balance pr status quo which internal conditions vary, but always within relatively narrow limits

23
Q

Factors of the internal environment that must be homeostatically maintained

A

concentration of nutrient molecules concentration of O2 and CO2
concentration of water products
pH
concentration of water salt and other electrolytes
temperature
volume and pressure

24
Q

What are the divisions of body water?

A
  • total body water
  • intracellular
  • extracellular
    a. plasma
    b. interstitial fluid
25
Q

What are the 3 functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  1. Defines cell BOUNDARIES
  2. It controls INTERACTIONS with other cells
  3. It controls PASSAGE of material in and out of the cell
26
Q

Factors of the internal environment that must be homeostatically maintained

A

Concentration of nutrient molecules
Concentration of O2 and CO2 Concentration of waste products
pH
Concentration of water, salt and other electrolytes
temperature and pressure

27
Q

Two properties that determine plasma membrane permeability

A
  • Relative solubility of the particle in lipid

- The size of particle

28
Q

Tight junctions

A

Integral membrane proteins called occludins FUSE adjacent cells together to form a nearly IMPERMEABLE barrier to the movement of substances between cells
I.e. Epithelial tissue

29
Q

Desosome

A

A FILAMENTOUS junction between two adjacent cells that provide STRENGTH so that the cells do not tear apart when the tissue is subject to stress
I.e. Muscles in heart, uterus and skin
“Deal with it! Desosome with it!”

30
Q

Gap junctions

A

Areas where two adjacent cells are connected by membrane proteins called connexons
Provide DIRECT electrical and metabolic coupling of adjacent cells
I.e. Smooth muscle

31
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulfing large particles by pseudopods

32
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Taking in fluid droplets

33
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Taking in specific molecules

34
Q

Carrier mediated transport

A

For transfer of small water-soluble substances across the membrane

35
Q

Vesicular transport

A

For movement of large molecules and even multimolecular particles b/n the ECF and ICF

36
Q

3 characteristics for carrier mediated transport

A

1) specificity
2) saturation
3) competition

37
Q

Factors that influence rate of net diffusion across membrane - FICK’S LAW OF DIFFUSION

A

1) magnitude or STEEPNESS of conc. gradient
2) PERMEABILITY of membrane to substance
3) SURFACE AREA of membrane which diffusion is taking place
4) MOLECULAR WEIGHT of substance
5) DISTANCE thru which diffusion must take place

38
Q

What is secondary active transport?

A

It couples the transport of 2 solutes, one moving down its concentration gradient (favorable) and the other is moving up its concentration (unfavorable).
Involves indirect usage of ATP.

39
Q

Describe the principle of saturation in relation to carrier mediated transport.

A
  • As [solute] ^ on 1 side of membrane, transport rate will ^ until all transporters are saturated.
  • Afterwards, further ^ in [solute] won’t change transport rate. Rate hits max, all transporters are full.
40
Q

What is membrane potential (how to establish and maintain it)?

A
  • Separation of charges across membrane
  • relative permeability of Na and K across membrane & is counterbalance of their competing equilibrium potentials
  • maintained by Na and K pump
41
Q

Why do cells use signaling cascades?

A

Signaling cascades allow for amplification of a signal from one initial binding event to a large response.

42
Q

What is equilibrium potential for an ion?

A

It’s when electrical and chemical gradients are balanced in magnitude and there is no net movement of ions across the membrane.

43
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayers with proteins dispersed throughout

44
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A
  • carrier mediated transport
  • does not require energy
  • passive, works only if there’s a concentration gradient

Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions