Physio Module 6 Flashcards
Regurgitation of stomach contents is normally prevented by the actions of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. lower esophageal sphincter B. gastroesophageal sphincter C. esophageal hiatus D. glottis
A
Where is the swallowing center located A. Frontal lobe B. Medulla C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus
B
Below is a list of events that occur during the act of vomiting.
- the LES and UES are open
- forced inspiration against a closed glottis
- reverse peristalsis from the mid small intestine
- the LES is open and the UES is closed
- relaxation of the pyloric sphincter
- forceful contractions of the stomach
Indicate the correct sequence of events involved in the act of vomiting
A. 5, 3, 2, 6, 4, 1 B. 3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 4 C. 3, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4 D. 5, 3, 6, 2, 1, 4 E. 3, 5, 2, 6, 4, 1
E
The ff are produced un the duodenum except
A. Secretin
B. Cholecystokinin
C. Gastrin
D. Glucose dependent insulinotropic hormone
C. Sa stomach
What inhibits the activity of the migrating motor complex A. Food B. Motilin C. Bacteria D. None of the above
A.
Motilin stimulates it
The main hormone that stimulates hunger is \_\_\_\_\_. A. CCK B. polypeptide Y-Y C. leptin D. ghrelin E. insulin
D.
Mnemonics
Ghrelin - go to restaurant
Leptin - leave restaurant
True or false. Amylase is active in the stomach
False.
A 45 year old woman presents with dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing) for solid foods and liquids. A barium swallow reveals dilation of the proximal esophagus, and a beak-like tapering of the distal esophagus. You correctly diagnosis achalasia and fully expect to see all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A. increased tone in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
B. absence of a coordinated peristaltic effort down the esophagus
C. nonfunctional or absence of the esophageal intramural plexuses (i.e. ENS)
D. decreased amounts of skeletal muscle along the upper third of esophagus
E. simultaneous low pressure increases along the entire length of the esophagus during a swallow
D
The following promotes gastric emptying except A. Gastrin B. Cholecystokinin C. Presence of food D. NOTA
B
Pacemaker of the GIT
Interstitial cell of Cajal
Which of the ff functions as a valve and a sphincter A. Ileoceccal junction B. Upper esophageal sphincter C. Sphincter of ODDI D. Lower esophageal sphincter
A
Contraction of the outer longitudinal layer causes
Shortening of the GI segment
The ff are characteristics of migrating motor complex except A. Slowest peristalsis B. Halted by food C. Mediated by motilin D. Occurs in between meals
A
When stomach is filled with food, there will be an increase in colic motility A. Peristaltic reflex B. Enterogastric reflex C, gastrocolic reflex D. Defecation reflex
C
How does the autonomic nervous system affect salivary secretory rate?
A. Salivary secretory rate is decreased in response to parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.
B. Salivary secretory rate is increased in response to parasympathetic stimulation and decreased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
C. Salivary secretory rate is decreased in response to parasympathetic stimulation and increased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
D. Salivary secretory rate is increased in response to parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation.
D
Which of the following secretagogues or conditions is most likely to stimulate the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the duodenal mucosa? A. amino acids B. free fatty acids C. glucose D. high pH E. hypotonicity
B
John has an urge to defecate in the morning after he wakes up. What is called A. Gastrocolic reflex B. Intestinointestinal reflex C. Orthocolic reflex D. Peristaltic reflex
C
The transport of which substance IS NOT Na+-dependant? A. glucose B. fructose C. galactose D. proline E. tryptophan
B via facilitated diffusion
What is the most common type of motility associated with the descending colon? A. haustrations B. antipropulsive movements C. mass movement D. perisatalsis E. segmentation
A
Where is vitamin C absorbed A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum
B. Along with iron
You have sat down to a scrumptious meal consisting of a spinach salad, a juicy piece of very lean filet mignion (16 oz.), a baked potato with generous gobs of butter and sour cream, and a fine glass of a robust wine. Which of the following represents the BEST order in which the above items are sequentially emptied from the stomach? A. fillet mignion, potato, wine, butter B. wine, filet mignion, potato, butter C. potato, filet mignion, butter, wine D. wine, potato, filet mignion, butter E. potato, wine, butter, filet mignion
D
What stimulates the sensory neurons of myenteric plexus to initiate peristalsis A. Norepinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Dopamine D. Serotonin E. Acetylcholine
D
Crossing of nutrients across the epithelial lining is an example of the \_\_\_\_\_ process of the GIT A. Motility B. Secretion C. Digestion D. Absorption
D
Which gastrointestinal function IS NOT caused by cholecystokinin?
A. contraction of the bladder
B. increased rate of gastric emptying
C. increased secretion of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes
D. potentiation of secretin-induced pancreatic secretion rich in bicarbaonate
E. potentiation of secretin-induced bile production
B
Myenteric oscillation potentials are characterized as__________ slow waves which are ____________ likely to generate spontaneous action potentials.
A. High amplitude & low frequency - Less
B. High amplitude & low frequency - More
C. Low amplitude & high frequency - Less
D. Low amplitude & high frequency - More
D
Which of the following IS NOT a function of hepatocytes?
A. active uptake of plasma bile acids
B. synthesis of primary bile acids from cholesterol
C. conjugation secondary bile acids
D. conversion of bilirubin to urobilinogen
E. secretion of bile acids into bile canaliculi
D
Which bond is cleaved by the action of isomaltase?
A. α-1, 4 glycosidic bonds of maltose
B. α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds of α-limit dextrins
C. α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds of maltriose
D. β-1,,4 glycosidic bond of trehalose
E. β-1, 6 glycosidic bond of lactase
B
Which cells type is PROPERLY matched with its secretion?
A. Enteroendocrine cell - Trypsinogen
B. Chief cell - Intrinsic factor
C. Parietal cell – Gastrin
D. G-cell - Pepsinogen
E. Enterochromaffin-like cell - Histamine
E
The HCl in the stomach serves to perform all of the following except A. activate the enzyme pepsinogen. B. break peptide bonds in proteins. C. denature proteins in food. D. provide optimum pH for pepsin.
B
The hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach will do all of the following except _____________.
A. kill microbial organisms
B. catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds
C. denature dietary proteins
D. stimulate the activation of pepsin
B
Passage of food from the mouth to the stomach is exhibited by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ process of the GIT A. Motility B. Secretion C. Digestion D. Absorption
A
Where is intrinsic factors produced A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum
A
The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is increased by all of the following except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. villi B. microvilli C. crypts of Lieberkhn D. plicae circulares
C. For new epithelium synthesis
Hydrolysis of carbohydrates represents what physiologic process A. Motility B. Secretion C. Digestion D. Absorption
C
The ff describes the inner circular layer except
A. Its contraction produces the opposite effect of external longitudinal muscle contraction
B. There are more gap junctions in circular muscle than in longitudinal muscle
C. Contraction causes an decrease in the length of the organ
D. Contraction causes a decrease in the diameter of the lumen
C
Most of the digestive system receives its parasympathetic innervation from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. vagus nerve B. thoracic spinal nerves C. lumbar spinal nerves D. sacral spinal nerves
A
Which of the following is a brush border enzyme? A. pepsin B. lactase C. trypsin D. amylase
B
In the small intestine, lipids are absorbed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. into the lacteals B. into the intestinal crypts C. by the actions of enterokinase D. by goblet cells
A
Mucus is secreted throughout much of the GI tract by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. G cells B. enterochromaffin-like cells C. parietal cells D. goblet cells
D
The ff are homologous expect A. Gastrin B. Glucagon C. Secretin D. Glucose dependent insulinotropic hormone E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide
A
The ff inhibits acid secretion except A. Gastrin B. Somatostatin C. GIP D. NOTA
A
Characteristics of the law of the gut except A. There is peristalsis B. Oral to caudal direction C. Needs mesenteric plexus D. Needs myenteric plexus
C
Where does protein digestion start
Stomach
Contraction of the inner circular layer causes
Dec in diameter of the lumen
Neurotransmitter that mediates the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter when bolus approaches the lower end of the esophagus
VIP
True or false. Spike potentials are action potential
True
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results to the ff except A. Decrease GI emptying B. Diarrhea C. Relaxation of anal sphincter D. None of the above
A,
Which part of the GIT would produce most neutral secretion A. Saliva B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine
A
Which part of the GIT has the maximum frequency of contraction
A. Colon
B. Small intestine
C. Stomach
B
The ff describes the external longitudinal layer except
A. external longitudinal muscle produces a lesser powerful contraction than the circular layer
B. There are less layers of in longitudinal muscle than in circular muscle
C. Contraction causes an decrease in the length of the organ
D. Contraction causes a decrease in the diameter of the lumen
D
Characteristic mixing movement in the large intestine is called
Haustrations
Which of the ff statements is false
A. The digestive system is consist of the GIT only
B. Sphincters functions are to isolate one region from the next and provide selective retention of contents or prevent backflow
C. Venous drainage of the GIT first passes thru the portal circulation before going to vena cava
D. Slow waves are NOT affected by parasympathetic nervous system
A. Consists of GIT and the accesory organs
Gastrin secretion is stimulated by the ff except A. Bombesin B. Food C. Distention of the stomach D, NOTA
D
Enzymes provide an intraluminal environment for digestion. This refers to A. Motility B. Secretion C. Digestion D. Absorption
B
Why is the small intestine the main site of absorption and not the stomach
Larger surface area in the small intestine so longer time mag stay un food sa stomach
A patient is diagnose with acute pancreatitis, this means the ff except
A. Amount of Trypsinogen > trypsin inhibitor
B. Results in auto digestion of pancreas
C. Pain is managed by giving morphine
D. There will be elevated serum amylase
C. Meperidine NOT morphine!!!!
What does GIP means?
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
Where can you see retropulsion A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum
A
Spike potentials are inhibited by the ff except A. Acetylcholine B. VIP C. Nitric oxide D. ATP
A. Stimulant along with substance P
Characteristic mixing movement along the large intestine
Haustrations
What ion cause depolarization in the GIT A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Chlorine
C
Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric emptying rate and \_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric emptying time A. Increase, increase B. Inc , dec C, dec, inc D. Dec, dec
B
A drug was discovered to inhibit the CCK. What will happen to gastric emptying rate
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No change
A
Where is water mainly absorbed A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum
C.
The ff may cause paralysis of swallowing except A. Damage to CN V, IX, XII B. Encephalopathy, poliomyelitis C. Deep anesthesia D. Muscle dystrophy, MG, botulism
A. CN V, IX, X
Which of the ff cells is correctly matched? A. Parietal cell: intrinsic factor B. C cell: pepsin C. ECL cell: serotonin D. Chief cells : mucus
A
Where is intrinsic factor absorbed A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum
D
Which of the ff condition presents with decreases surface area for absorption of nutrients A. Achalasia B. Diarrhea C. Hirschsprung disease d. Gluten enteropathy E. AOTA
D
This disease results to megacolon, with the same manifestation as achalasia but there is no Bird’s beak seen
Hirschsprung disease
Slow waves do not usually cause action potential except in the A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Ileum E. Esophagus
A
The ff may cause depolarization of GI smooth muscles except A. Ach B. Substance P C. ATP D. Stretch E. NOTA
C
The maximum frequency of segmentation is dependent on A. Slow waves B. Myenteric plexus C. Mesenteric plexus D. A and b E. A and c
D
The ff enhance small intestine motility except A. Gastrin B. CCK C. Glucagon D. Motilin E. Serotonin
C. And secretin
Slow waves causes what ion to go inside the cell A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Bicarbonate
A.
Amylases destroy what bond A. Glycosidic B. Peptide C. Sulfhydrl D. Ester
A
Inhibitors of gastric emptying act by \_\_\_\_\_ pyloric pump and \_\_\_\_\_ tone of the pyloric sphincter A. Stimulating, increasing B. Stimulating, decreasing C. Inhibiting, increasing D. Inhibiting, decreasing.
C
Effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on salivary gland A. Inc, dec B. Inc, inc C. Dec, inc D. Dec, dec
B
The ff describes lactose intolerance except
A. European in descent
B. Does not like drinking milk
C. Experiences diarrhea after eating ice cream
D. Decrease in the number of lactases
A. Mas prone if Asian descent
Main hormone that stimulates parietal cell A. CCK B. Secretin C. Gastrin D. Histamine E. Acetylcholine
C
Component of chyme that causes secretin release A. Mucus B. Nutrients C. HCl D. Water
C
Characteristic mixing movement in the small intestine is called
Segmentation
Macronutrient more impaired in sprue A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Fats D. Nucleic acid
C
