Physio module 5 Flashcards
True or false. During hypoxia, most cells vasodilate
True. Except in the lungs. They vasoconstrict
Which vessels does hemoptysis occur A. Bronchial B. Tracheal C. Laryngeal D. Pharyngeal
A
Characteristic of the pulmonary circulation except
A. An example regional circulation like the liver
B. Receives all cardiac output
C. Important in life
D. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
A. It is like a systemic circulation
Around 40% of the lung is comprised of A. Oxygen B. Arteries and veins C. Blood D. Muscle
C
Part of the upper respiratory system except A. Nose B. Sinus C. Trachea D. Larynx
C. Part of lower respiratory sys
Where does air exchange start to take place
Respiratory bronchioles
Functional unit of the pulmonary system
Bronchopulmonary segment
Pulmonary edema is caused by
A. Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
B. Decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Increase in arterial pressure
D. Decrease in arterial pressure
A
Pulmonary edema is caused by the ff except A. Increase capillary permeability B. Increase capillary pressure C. Decrease plasma colloid pressure D.decrease alveolar surface tension
D. Dapat inc
Which part of the respiratory sys gives the voice a certain character A. Nose B. Sinus C. Larynx D. Trachea
B
THe following are the functions of the nose except A. body defense system B. Humidifies and moistens inhaled air C. Houses the olfactory epithelium D. Lightens the skull
D. Function of the sinus
A mother is on her 34th week of pregnancy and has shown a amniotic lecithin sphingomyelin ratio I.32:1. What can be done?
A. Give long acting steroids to the fetus
B. Give long acting steroid to the mother
C. Give surfactant to the infant
D. Give surfactant to the mother
B
The following describes zone 1 except
A. Usually non existent in healthy individuals
B. No blood flow is seen
C. lungs are ventilated but not perfused
D. Alveolar dead space is decrease
E. Alveolar pressure is treated than pulmonary arterial pressure
D. Increase dapat
What secretes surfactant
Type II pneumocytes
The following can cause zone 1 of the lungs except A. Hemorrhage B. Pregnancy C. Astronaut in a rocket launch D. Low BP
B
Normal value of ventilation perfusion ratio
0.8
Gas diffusion is directly proportional to the ff except A. Surface area B. Molecular weight C. Pressure gradient D. Diffusion coefficient
B. Inversely proportional
The time required for the red cells to move through the capillary
0.75 sec
Which part of the respiratory sys offers resonance to voice A. Nose B. Sinus C. Larynx D. Pharynx E. Trachea
B
Covers the local cords during swallowing
Epiglottis and arytenoids
Which of the ff statement is false regarding the pneumocytes
A. There are equal number of type I and type II
B. Type I takes up a larger surface area in the alveoli
C. Type II may become type I when needed
D. Type I is for gas exchange
E. Type I is characterized as small cuboidal cells
E.type II un
What part of the respiratory system supplies the bronchopulmonary segment A. Bronchus B. Segmental bronchus C. Terminal bronchus D. Respiratory bronchioles E. Alveoli
B. AKA tertiary bronchus
The ff are characteristics of a respiratory sys of the chronic smoker except A. Inc goblet cells B. Hypertrophy C. Hyperplasia D. Stimulated cilia
D. Cilia is paralyzed
A person with COPD will have a Reid’s index of
Greater than 0.4
Normal value of tidal volume
500 ml
A preterm infant will have the ff except A. High collapsing pressure B. high alveolar radius C. High surface tension D. None of the above
B. low un radius,
For inspiration to occur
A. Alveolar pressure must be lower than atmospheric pressure
B. Alveolar pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure
C. Alveolar pressure must be equal to atmospheric pressure
D. Alveolar pressure must be eliminated
A
Where in the Brain is the cough reflex situated
Medulla. Pti un sneeze reflex
The ff statements are true except
A. In between the visceral and parietal pleura is the pleural fluid
B. The visceral pleura is in contact with the chest wall
C. The parietal pleura is in contact with the chest wall
D. Pneumothorax may cause lung collapse
B. In contact with the lung
Which of the ff. statements is correct
A.normal Inspiration is a passive process
B. no muscle is used during normal expiration
C. Internal intercostal muscle is used in forced inspiration
D. External intercostal muscle is used in forced expiration
B
Which of the ff is true
A. Pulmonary capillaries form capillary bed, sys. Capillaries are arranged in a network of tubular vessels
B. Pulmonary capillaries are arranged in a network of tubular vessel while sys capillaries form capillary bed
C. Both form capillary bed
D. Both are arranged in a network of tubular vessels
A. Pulmonary capillary form thin sheets/ capillary bed
Active component of the surfactant
Lecithin or DPPC
If the pulmonary capillary pressure has a hydrostatic pressure of 28mmhg what will result
Pulmonary edema
When is the recoil forces from the lungs and the thorax are equal and opposite
Before inspiration or after expiration. During functional resting capacity
During FRC, A. Air comes in B. air comes out C. No air movement is seen D. Air is doubled
C
Measure of recoil pressure
Transpulmonary pressure
Which lung volume cannot be measured
Residual volume
Which of the lung volume will maintain oxygenation in between breath
Residual volume
A person has an inspiration capacity of 2875ml. His vital capacity is 4323ml. What is the ERV
1448 ml
Largest amount of air that can inspire A. VC B. IV C. FRC D. TLC
Vital capacity
A pregnant mother was asked to have an ALS exam. Her result is 2.5:1. What needs to be done? A. Give surfactant B. give steroid C. Nothing, the result is normal D. Do emergency Caesarian section
C
A person with COPD will have the ff except
A. Dec FVC
B. normal FEV/FVC
C. Dec FEV
D. Same result with a patient with asthma
B. dapat dec
Compute for the alveolar ventilation of a normal 43kg person with a respiratory rate of 14bpm
4.9 l/min
An asthmatic person has an alveolar dead space volume of 33ml. His RR is 23bpm.What is the alveolar ventilation
7.291 l/ min
Major site of airway resistance A. Trachea B. large bronchi C. Terminal bronchioles D. Respiratory bronchioles E, alveoli
B
Marker of pulmonary disease severity A. VC B. IV C. FRC D. TLC
C
The TLC if the patient is 5432 ml. His RV is 1132ml. His tidal volume is 500ml and his IRV is 2323ml. His IC is 2823ml. What is his ERV
1468ml
In utero, this is the organ for respiration
Placenta
Where in the respiratory system have the greatest airflow resistance
Large bronchus.
Ether is A. Diffusion limited B. Perfusion limited C, diffusion and perfusion limited D. Not applicable
B
Normal value of Respiratory exchange ratio
0.8
Oxygen is A. Diffusion limited B. Perfusion limited C, diffusion and perfusion limited D. Not applicable
C. Normally oxygen is perfusion limited but in athletes they arec diffusion limited
Most common form of oxygen transport
Bonded to hemoglobin
Most common transport form of carbon dioxide
Bicarbonate
Carbon dioxide plus hemoglobin
Carbaminohemoglobin
Carbon monoxide plus hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
During febrile episodes, the common form of the hemoglobin is
A. Taut
B. relaxed
A
When a person experiences anxiety attack, most of the hemoglobin will be
A. Oxygenated
B. deoxygenated
B
Haldane effect refers to the ff except A. Exhibited by the lungs B. increase in carbon dioxide results in deoxygenation of hemoglobin. C. Shows positive cooperativity D. None of the above
C
Respiratory quotient
0.8
In hypoxic hypoxia except A. Problem is most likely the lungs B. amount of oxygen used is low C. V/Q ratio is low D. Amount of oxygen delivered is low
B
Ether is A. Insoluble in blood B. rapidly diffuses C. Perfusion limited D. Used as an anesthetic E . All of the above
E
Which of the ff is not an action of a surfactant
A. Reduces surface tension
B. Reduce capillary filtration forces
C. Reduces the possibility of pulmonary edema
D. Reduces compliance
D. Increases compliance
Treatment for carbon monoxide
- high pressure o2 -
administration of 5% carbon dioxide
Main muscle of inspiration
Diaphragm
Cyanide poisoning results in A. Hypoxic hypoxia B. circulatory hypoxia C. Anemic hypoxia D. Histo toxic hypoxia
D
catalyzes the reacon between CO2 and H20 to form carbonic acid or H2CO3
Carbonic anhydrase
Last branch of the respiratory sys where there is no gas exchange
Terminal bronchioles
A mother gives birth to A preterm newborn should be given
A. Give long acting steroids to the fetus
B. Give long acting steroid to the mother
C. Give surfactant to the infant
D. Give surfactant to the mother
C. Useless na un steroid kc nasa labas n un baby
Characteristics of zone 2 condition except
A. Venous pressure is lower than alveolar pressure
B. Blood flow is determined by arterial venous pressure
C. Occurs in the middle third of the lungs
D. Increase in hydrostatic pressure results in inc in pulmonary arterial pressure that is greater than those in alveoli
B. Blood flow is determined by difference in arterial and alveolar pressure If blood flow determined by different in artial venous pressure zone 3 un
Which of the ff statements is true
A. The left lung only has 2 lobes because of the heart
B. Both lungs have horizontal fissure
C. The right lung carries deoxygenated blood only
D. The functional anatomical unit of the lung is the lobes
A
Part of the anatomical dead space except A. Terminal bronchioles B. Segmental bronchioles C. Respiratory bronchioles D. Intrapulmonary bronchus
C
Physiological unit of the respiratory system
Respiratory unit
Last branch of the respiratory tract where there is NO gas exchange
Terminal bronchioles
A Reid’s index of 0.7 is indicative of
A. Normal
B. obstructive lung disease
C. Restrictive lung disease
B
The ff are actions of a surfactant except
A. Increases capillary filtration forces
B. decrease surface tension
C. Increases compliance
D. Decreases collapsing pressure
E. Prevents risk of pulmonary edema
A. Dapat decrease
Increasing the pulmonary capillary pressure would result to the ff except A. Water goes in the capillary wall B. lead to edema C. Increases hydrostatic pressure D. Have a value of 12 mmHg
A. Goes out
A patient went scuba diving for the first time. She experience difficulty in breathing. She comes to your clinic and asks an explanation why this occurred. You say.
A. Tell her that during scuba diving, the density of gas increases.thus increasing airway resistance
B. tell her that during scuba diving, smooth muscles of bronchioles contract thus increasing airway resistance
C. Tell her that during scuba diving, cartilages of the respiratory tract become paralyzed
D. Tell her that water went to the lungs that’s why there was dyspnea
A
The ff gets blood supply for the bronchial circulation except A. Bronchus B. terminal bronchioles C. Respiratory bronchioles D. None of the above
C. From pulmonary circulation
When there is less oxyhemoglobin in the blood, red blood cells produce 2,3-DPG. This metabolic product ________________.
A. enhances oxygen unloading at the systemic capillaries
B. makes deoxyhemoglobin less stable
C. shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
D. stimulates the production of more red blood cells
A
The Bohr effect describes the effect of _____________.
A. increased pH on the increased ability of oxygen to load onto hemoglobin
B. decreased pH decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, enhancing unloading
C. decreased pH increasing the loading of carbon dioxide onto hemoglobin
D. increased temperature decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
B
Driving force for ventilation A. Smooth muscle B. skeletal muscle C. Cardiac muscle D, all of. The above
B
