PHYSIO EXAM 1 CH. 1-5 Flashcards
What are the 10 different organ systems and what is the function of each?
- endocrine: provide communication between cells of the body through the release of hormones into the bloodstream
- nervous: provide communication between cells of the body through electrical signals and the release of neurotransmitters into small gaps between certain cells
- musculoskeletal: support the body; allow voluntary movement of the body; allow facial expressions
- cardiovascular: transport molecules throughout the body in the bloodstream
- respiratory: bring oxygen into the body and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
- urinary: filter the blood to regulate acidity, blood volume, and ion concentrations; eliminate wastes
- gastrointestinal: break down food and absorb it into the body
- reproductive: generate offspring
- immune: defend the body against pathogens and abnormal cells
- integumentary: protects the body from the external environment
Function and structure of the plasma membrane.
S: lipid bilayer with scattered proteins and cholesterol molecules
F: maintains boundary of cell and integrity of cell structure; embedded proteins serve multiple functions
F/S of nucleus
S: surrounded by double layered nuclear envelope
F: houses the DNA, which dictates cellular function and protein synthesis
F/S of nucleolus
S: dark oval structure inside the nucleus
F: synthesis of ribosomal RNA
F/S of rough endoplasmic reticulum
S: continuous with the nuclear envelope; flattened sacs dotted with ribosomes
F: protein synthesis and post translational processing
F/S of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
S: continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum; tubular structure without ribosomes
F: lipid synthesis and post translational processing of proteins; transport of molecules from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi apparatus; calcium storage
F/S of golgi apparatus
S: series of flattened sacs near the endoplasmic reticulum
F: post translational processing; packaging and sorting of proteins
F/S of mitochondria
S: oval shaped; with an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds called cristae that project into the matrix
F: ATP synthesis
F/S of lysosomes
S: granular, saclike; scattered throughout the cytoplasm
F: breakdown of cellular and extracellular debris
F/S of peroxisomes
S: similar in appearance to lysosomes, but smaller
F: breakdown of toxic substances, including hydrogen peroxide
F/S of vaults
S: small, barrel shaped
F: unknown; possibly transport of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm
F/S of ribosomes
S: granular organelles composed of proteins and rRNA: located in cytosol or on surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
F: translation of mRNA to synthesize proteins
F/S of centrioles
S: two cylindrical bundles of protein filaments that are perpendicular to each other
F: direction of mitotic spindle development during cell division
F/S of cytoskeleton
S: composed of protein filaments, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
F: structural support of cell; cell movement and contraction
Is Mg2+ found inside or outside the cell??
outside
Is Ca 2+ found inside or outside the cell?
outside
Is Cl- found inside or outside the cell?
outside
Is HCO3- found inside or outside the cell?
outside
Is Pi found inside or outside the cell?
inside
Are amino acids found inside or outside the cell?
inside
Is glucose found inside or outside the cell?
outside
Is ATP found inside or outside the cell?
inside
Is protein found inside or outside the cell?
inside
What is a concentration gradient?
difference in particle concentration between the inside and outside of the cell
What is the osmolarity of ICF/ECF?
approximately 300 mOsM
What is the millimolar concentration in ECF and ICF of K+?
ICF: 140.0 mM
ECF: 4.0 mM
What is the millimolar concentration in ECF and ICF of Na+?
ICF: 15.0 mM
ECF: 145.0 mM
What is endocytosis?
moving from outside of cell to inside of cell
