PHYSIO EXAM 1 CH. 1-5 Flashcards
What are the 10 different organ systems and what is the function of each?
- endocrine: provide communication between cells of the body through the release of hormones into the bloodstream
- nervous: provide communication between cells of the body through electrical signals and the release of neurotransmitters into small gaps between certain cells
- musculoskeletal: support the body; allow voluntary movement of the body; allow facial expressions
- cardiovascular: transport molecules throughout the body in the bloodstream
- respiratory: bring oxygen into the body and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body
- urinary: filter the blood to regulate acidity, blood volume, and ion concentrations; eliminate wastes
- gastrointestinal: break down food and absorb it into the body
- reproductive: generate offspring
- immune: defend the body against pathogens and abnormal cells
- integumentary: protects the body from the external environment
Function and structure of the plasma membrane.
S: lipid bilayer with scattered proteins and cholesterol molecules
F: maintains boundary of cell and integrity of cell structure; embedded proteins serve multiple functions
F/S of nucleus
S: surrounded by double layered nuclear envelope
F: houses the DNA, which dictates cellular function and protein synthesis
F/S of nucleolus
S: dark oval structure inside the nucleus
F: synthesis of ribosomal RNA
F/S of rough endoplasmic reticulum
S: continuous with the nuclear envelope; flattened sacs dotted with ribosomes
F: protein synthesis and post translational processing
F/S of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
S: continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum; tubular structure without ribosomes
F: lipid synthesis and post translational processing of proteins; transport of molecules from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi apparatus; calcium storage
F/S of golgi apparatus
S: series of flattened sacs near the endoplasmic reticulum
F: post translational processing; packaging and sorting of proteins
F/S of mitochondria
S: oval shaped; with an outer membrane and an inner membrane with folds called cristae that project into the matrix
F: ATP synthesis
F/S of lysosomes
S: granular, saclike; scattered throughout the cytoplasm
F: breakdown of cellular and extracellular debris
F/S of peroxisomes
S: similar in appearance to lysosomes, but smaller
F: breakdown of toxic substances, including hydrogen peroxide
F/S of vaults
S: small, barrel shaped
F: unknown; possibly transport of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm
F/S of ribosomes
S: granular organelles composed of proteins and rRNA: located in cytosol or on surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
F: translation of mRNA to synthesize proteins
F/S of centrioles
S: two cylindrical bundles of protein filaments that are perpendicular to each other
F: direction of mitotic spindle development during cell division
F/S of cytoskeleton
S: composed of protein filaments, including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
F: structural support of cell; cell movement and contraction
Is Mg2+ found inside or outside the cell??
outside
