CH. 22 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
What are the gonads of males and females?
males: testes
females: ovaries
What are the sex hormones of the testes and ovaries?
testes: androgens
ovaries: estrogen and progesterone
adrenal cortex also produces androgens
What are the precursors to the male reproductive tract and female?
male: Wolffian ducts
female: Mullerian ducts
What two hormones are secreted if testes are present?
testosterone and mullerian-inhibiting hormone
What is the function of the seminiferous tubules?
sperm production
What are the three accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
1, seminal vesicles
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral gland
Where is gonadotropin releasing hormone secreted?
hypothalamus
What are the two gonadotropins and what do they stimulate?
FSH: stimulates gametogenesis and inhibin
LH: stimulates androgen sectretion
What is sexual response in males controlled by? (ie erection, emission, and ejaculation)
autonomic nervous system
erection: parasympathetic nervous system
emission: sympathetic nervous system
ejaculation: sympathetic nervous system
What are the stimuli for sexual responses in males?
- mechanoreceptors of penis and erogenous zones
2. descending signals from higher brain centers
What makes up the female reproductive tract?
uterus
uterine tubes
vagina
What protects the vagina from bacterial infections?
acid fluid secreted from uterus or glands in cervix
What is the main difference between the development of sex cells in males and females?
number of oogonia is fixed prior to birth in males; males continually produce spermatogonia
What results in fraternal twins?
two or more follicles may become dominant and released at ovulation
- when both are fertilized, fraternal twins result
What hormone produces secondary sex characteristics during puberty in females?
estrogen
