Physio - ATP Flashcards
Define a calorie
1 calorie is the amount of energy to raise 1g of water by 1°C from 14.5°C to 15.5°C
What is ATP made of
Adenosine, ribose and triphosphate
Detail the ATP-ADP cycle
- ATP is broken down into ADP, a phosphate and energy
- ADP is then combined with a phosphate using energy from food
- ATP is produced
Name 3 ATP resynthesis systems
Aerobic
Glycolytic
Creatine phosphate
What are monosaccharide
Simplest form of sugar
What are oligosaccharides
A few monosaccharide
What are polysaccharides
Lots of monosaccharide (complex sugars)
What is glucose
A simple sugar
What is glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose
What is glycogen
The stored form of glucose
What is glycogenolysis
The breakdown of glycogen
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
The function of ATP
The body’s currency for energy
Describe the role of ATP-PCr system during the resynthesis of ATP
ATP-PCr system uses stored creatine phosphate (CP) in the muscles to synthesise ATP.
- CP is broken down, releasing a phosphate and energy
- ADP and the phosphate are combined with the energy released from the breakdown of CP
- producing ATP
Detail the glycolytic pathway
Investment stage
1. glucose is rearranged and combined with 2 ATP to form fructose
2. fructose is split in half
Payoff stage
3. these molecules are reacted
4. these reactions produce 2 ATP, NADH and pyruvate per molecule
Overall
2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate are made, as both halves are reacted
Describe the role of lactate
Lactate is a buffer to resist changes in pH, due to the breakdown of ATP causing an acidic environment
Describe the Cori cycle
A process to clear lactate
1. lactate from muscles is transported from the blood to the liver
2. lactate is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose using 6 ATP
3. glucose is transported to the muscles via blood
4. glucose is broken down, releasing 2 ATP
What is Lactate
The anaerobic breakdown of pyruvate
What is the process that uses pyruvate to synthesise ATP
The citric acid cycle
What is the lactate shuttle
Lactate is moved from one cell producing a lot of it, to another that is not producing a lot
The mechanism describing the pumping of H+ across the mitochondrial membrane for the production of ATP is called the
Chemiosmotic hypothesis
Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain by
Cytochromes
The total ATP production via the aerobic breakdown of glucose is
~32 ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation is best described as a _______________ stage process
3
The mechanism describing the pumping of H+ across the mitochondrial membrane for the production of ATP is called the
Chemiosmotic hypothesis
