Physio - ATP

Question 1

Define a calorie

Answer 1

1 calorie is the amount of energy to raise 1g of water by 1°C from 14.5°C to 15.5°C

Question 2

What is ATP made of

Answer 2

Adenosine, ribose and triphosphate

Question 3

Detail the ATP-ADP cycle

Answer 3

1. ATP is broken down into ADP, a phosphate and energy
2. ADP is then combined with a phosphate using energy from food
3. ATP is produced

Question 4

Name 3 ATP resynthesis systems

Answer 4

Aerobic
Glycolytic
Creatine phosphate

Question 5

What are monosaccharide

Answer 5

Simplest form of sugar

Question 6

What are oligosaccharides

Answer 6

A few monosaccharide

Question 7

What are polysaccharides

Answer 7

Lots of monosaccharide (complex sugars)

Question 8

What is glucose

Answer 8

A simple sugar

Question 9

What is glycolysis

Answer 9

The breakdown of glucose

Question 10

What is glycogen

Answer 10

The stored form of glucose

Question 11

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 11

The breakdown of glycogen

Question 12

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

Question 13

The function of ATP

Answer 13

The body’s currency for energy

Question 14

Describe the role of ATP-PCr system during the resynthesis of ATP

Answer 14

ATP-PCr system uses stored creatine phosphate (CP) in the muscles to synthesise ATP.
- CP is broken down, releasing a phosphate and energy
- ADP and the phosphate are combined with the energy released from the breakdown of CP
- producing ATP

Question 15

Detail the glycolytic pathway

Answer 15

Investment stage
1. glucose is rearranged and combined with 2 ATP to form fructose
2. fructose is split in half
Payoff stage
3. these molecules are reacted
4. these reactions produce 2 ATP, NADH and pyruvate per molecule
Overall
2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate are made, as both halves are reacted

Question 16

Describe the role of lactate

Answer 16

Lactate is a buffer to resist changes in pH, due to the breakdown of ATP causing an acidic environment

Question 17

Describe the Cori cycle

Answer 17

A process to clear lactate
1. lactate from muscles is transported from the blood to the liver
2. lactate is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose using 6 ATP
3. glucose is transported to the muscles via blood
4. glucose is broken down, releasing 2 ATP

Question 18

What is Lactate

Answer 18

The anaerobic breakdown of pyruvate

Question 19

What is the process that uses pyruvate to synthesise ATP

Answer 19

The citric acid cycle

Question 20

What is the lactate shuttle

Answer 20

Lactate is moved from one cell producing a lot of it, to another that is not producing a lot

Question 21

The mechanism describing the pumping of H+ across the mitochondrial membrane for the production of ATP is called the

Answer 21

Chemiosmotic hypothesis

Question 22

Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain by

Answer 22

Cytochromes

Question 23

The total ATP production via the aerobic breakdown of glucose is

Answer 23

~32 ATP

Question 24

Oxidative phosphorylation is best described as a _______________ stage process

Answer 24

3

Question 25

The mechanism describing the pumping of H+ across the mitochondrial membrane for the production of ATP is called the

Answer 25

Chemiosmotic hypothesis