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USMLE 2019 > Physio > Flashcards

Physio Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of T3

A 
4Bs:
Brain maturation
Bone growth
BMR increase
Beta adrenergic effects
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2
Q

amino acids that are potent stimulators of gastrin

A

phenylalanine

tryptophan

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3
Q

Hormones that decrease gastric acid secretion

A

Somatostatin
GIP
Prostaglandin
Secretin

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4
Q

Hormones that increase gastric acid secretion

A

Histamine
Acetylcholine
Gastrin

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5
Q

Trypsinogen is converted to trypsin by what enzyme

A

enterokinase/enteropeptidase

brush border of duodenum and jejunum

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6
Q

salivary amylase breaks down what linkages

A

a -1, 4 glucosidic linkages

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7
Q

active form of Vitamin D

A

1, 25 - hydroxyvitamin D

kidneys

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8
Q

effect of testosterone on sexual development

A

internal male genitalia
spermatogenesis
male differentiation at puberty (muscle mass and libido)

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9
Q

effect of dihydrotestosterone on sexual development

A

external male genitalia
growth of prostate
male-pattern hair growth
amplifies testosterone (high affinity to receptor)

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10
Q

what activates and inactivates bradykinin

A

Kallikrein activates

ACE inactivates

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11
Q

important actions of bradykinin

A

vasodilation
pain
permeability

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12
Q

important actions of bradykinin

A

vasodilation
pain
permeability

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13
Q

Factors necessary for osteoclast differentiation

A

M-CSF

RANK-L

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14
Q

a physiologic decoy receptor that binds to RANK-L to decrease osteoclastic activity

A

Osteoprotegerin

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15
Q

TRH stimulates the release of which 2 hormones

A

TSH

Prolactin

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16
Q

Endocrine hormones that utilize the JAK/STAT pathway (receptor-assoc tyrosine kinase)

A

PIG
Prolactin
Immunomodulators / cytokines
Growth hormone

17
Q

5 hormones regulated by somatostatin

A 
gastrin
secretin
cholecystokinin
insulin
glucagon
18
Q

Menopause cause HAVOCS

A 
Hot flashes
Atrophy of
Vagina
Osteoporosis
CAD
Sleep disturbances
19
Q

process where spermatids lose cytoplasmic contents and gain acrosomal cap to become mature spermatozoons

A

Spermiogenesis

20
Q

functions of DHT

A
  • differentiation of penis, scrotum, prostate

- prostate growth, balding, sebaceous activity

21
Q

what stimulates and inhibits the release of somatostatin

A

acid (low pH) stimulates

vagal inhibits

22
Q

normal A-a gradient

A

10-15 mmHg

23
Q

handgrip maneuver can increase which murmurs

A 
(increased afterload)
AR
MR
MVP
VSD
24
Q

order of speed of conduction in the heart

A

purkinje fibers > atria > ventricles > AV nodes

25
Q

effective renal plasma flow can be estimated using

A

PAH

26
Q

cytokines secreted by TH2 cells

A

IL4, IL4, IL10

27
Q

cytokines secreted by all T cells

A

IL2, IL3

USMLE 2019 (10 decks)

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