Embryology Flashcards
Structures derived from the neural crest cells
MOTEL PPASS Melanocytes Odontoblasts Thyroid parafollicular cells Endocardial cushion Laryngeal and tracheal cartilages
Pia and arachnoid mater PNS Adrenal medulla and all ganglia Schwann cells, Skull bones Spiral membrane (AP septum)
Triple test at 16-18 weeks AOG
AFP
Estriol
HCG
Most common cause of elevated AFP
dating error
underestimated AOG
postnatally, the notochord becomes
the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc
Mesodermal defects
VACTERL Vertebral Anal atresia Cardiac Tracheo- Esophageal fistula Renal Limb
umbilical arteries and veins are derived from
allantois
branchial / pharyngeal apparatus
CAP (outside to inside)
clefts / grooves - ectoderm
arches - mesoderm and neural crest
pouches - endoderm
umbilical arteries and veins are derived from
allantois
branchial / pharyngeal apparatus
CAP (outside to inside)
clefts / grooves - ectoderm
arches - mesoderm and neural crest
pouches - endoderm
derivatives of the mesonephric / Wolffian duct
SEED Seminal vesicle Epididymis Ejaculatory duct Ductus deferens
female remnant of Wolffian duct
Gartner duct
female homolog of Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral)
Bartholin glands (greater vestibular)
female homolog of prostate gland
Skene glands (urethral and paraurethral)
homolog of urogenital folds in male and female
M - ventral shaft / penile urethra
F - labia minora
the processus vaginalis forms the
tunica vaginalis in males
that covers the tunica albuginea of the testis
female remnant of gubernaculum
ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus
imperforate anus is most commonly associated with defects of
genitourinary tract (fistulas, bladder extrophy, hypo/epispadia, renal agenesis)
diagnostic test done to detect the presence of gastric mucosa
99mmTc - pertechnetate scan
in this condition, the cecum is found at the RUQ fixed with fibrous bands to the 2nd part of duodenum
Malrotation (Ladd’s bands)
omphalomesenteric / vitelline duct connects which 2 structures
ileum (2cm proximal to the valve) and umbilicus
embryologic derivative of spleen
mesoderm of the dorsal mesentery
1st branchial arch syndrome
Treacher - Collins syndrome
the left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to
coronary sinus
the SVC is derived from which embryonic structures
R common cardinal vein
R anterior cardinal vein
fetal erythropoiesis
yolk sac - 3 to 8 weeks
liver - 6 weeks to birth
spleen - 10 to 28 weeks
bone marrow - 18 weeks to adult
most common site of hydronephrosis in fetus
ureteropelvic junction
most common congenital renal anomaly
horseshoe kidney
