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USMLE 2019 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

SAD PUCKER

A 
Suprarenal glands
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd to 4th)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (lower 2/3)
Rectum (partial)
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2
Q

Peyer patches are seen in what layer of the ileum

A

Submucosa (extending to the lamina propria)

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3
Q

Areas of the GIT with crypts of lieberkühn

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon (no villi)

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4
Q

Plicae circulares are found where

A

Small intestine up to proximal ileum

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5
Q

largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine

A

Ileum

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6
Q

what structures are anastomosed in the TIPS procedure?

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

portal vein and hepatic vein

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7
Q

structure in the liver responsible for lymphatic drainage

A

space of Disse

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8
Q

zone in the liver affected by viral hepatitis and ingested toxins

A

Zone I

periportal

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9
Q

Zone in the liver affected by ischemia, metabolic toxins and alcoholic hepatitis

A

Zone 3

centrilobular

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10
Q

borders of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus

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11
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve, artery, vein

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12
Q

contents of femoral sheath

A

femora vein, artery, deep inguinal lymph nodes

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13
Q

sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands

A

T1 to T3

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14
Q

parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands

A

parotid - CN 9

sublingual, submandibular - CN 7

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15
Q

dense granules of platelets

A

ADP

calcium

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16
Q

vWF receptor on the platelet

A

GpIb

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17
Q

Fibrinogen receptor on the platelet

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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18
Q

type of proteins secreted by ribosomes in RER

A

secretory peoteins
integral membrane proteins (nucleus and cell membrane)
lysosomal proteins

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19
Q

ribosomes attach to the RER cia which protein complex

A

translocon

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20
Q

what activates macrophages

A

interferon gamma

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21
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A 
PAACC!
Parasites
Asthma
Allergies
Cancer
Connective tissue diseases
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22
Q

basophilic granules

A

heparin
histamine
leukotrienes

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23
Q

enzymes produced by eosinophils

A

histaminase
arylsulfatase
(helps limit reaction ff mast cell degranulation)

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24
Q

costimulatory signal needed to activate T cells

A

CD28

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25
Q

commencement of the portal vein

A

behind the neck of the pancreas at L1

splenic vein + superior mesenteric vein

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26
Q

principal anastomosis of SMA and IMA in supplying the intestines

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

and arc of Riolan

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27
Q

Branches of abdominal aorta

A

“In Class, Med Students Really Love Going to I.M.”

Inf phrenic - Sup SR
Celiac trunk
Mid SR
SMA
Renal - Inf SR
Lumbar
Gonadal
IMA
Median sacral
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28
Q

Vertebral levels of branches of abdominal aorta

A 
T12 - celiac trunk
L1 - SMA, renal arteries
L2 - gonadal arteries (testicular/ovarian)
L3 - IMA
L4 - bifurcation of aorta
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29
Q

structures draining to the internal iliac nodes

A

cervix
proximal vagina

prostate
corpus cavernosum

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30
Q

structures draining to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A 
distal vagina
vulva
distal anus
scrotum
abd wall below umbilicus
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31
Q

anastomosis between ovarian and uterine artery

A

artery of Sampson

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32
Q

ligament that contains the uterine vessels

A

cardinal ligament

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33
Q

autonomic innervation of the male sexual response

A

Point - erection - pelvic nerve
Squeeze - emission - hypogastric
Shoot - ejaculation - pudendal

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34
Q

branches of the internal iliac artery

“I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underwear”

A 
Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Gluteal (sup and inf)
Pudendal
Inferior vesical
Middle rectal
Vaginal
Obturator
Umbilical and uterine
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35
Q

lymph nodes located below the inguinal ligament, bordered by the Sartorius and Adductor longus

A

Superficial inguinal LN

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36
Q

surgical technique of occluding the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

Pringle maneuver

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37
Q

right gastroepiploic vein drains into

A

superior mesenteric vein

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38
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone and is prone to avascular necrosis

A

scaphoid bone

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39
Q

most commonly dislocated carpal bone prone to acute carpal tunnel syndrome

A

lunate

40
Q

fall on an outstretched hand damaging the hook of the hamate can cause injury to which nerve

A

ulnar nerve

41
Q

carpal bone most prone to avascular necrosis

A

Scaphoid

42
Q

most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

scaphoid

43
Q

action of lumbricals

A

flexion of MCP

extension of PIP, DIP

44
Q

action of peroneal nerve and tibial nerve

A

foot dropPED
can’t TIPtoe

peroneal - eversion and dorsiflexion
tibial - inversion and plantar flexion

45
Q

hand / arm muscles with dual innervation

A

lumbricals

flexor digitorum profundus

46
Q

Valgus stress test and joint line widening indicate what type of injury

A

MCL injury

47
Q

type of injury diagnosed by joint line tenderness when knee is flexed

A

meniscal injury

48
Q

muscles involved in lateral epicondylitis

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum

(wrist extension)

49
Q

muscles used when sitting up from supine

A 
rectus abdominis
external abdominal oblique
hip flexors (iliopsoas)
50
Q

most common elbow injury in children (1-4 y/o)

A

radial head subluxation

nursemaid’s elbow

51
Q

popeye deformity

A

bicipital tendon rupture

52
Q

injury that most commonly occurs in baseball pitchers / throwers

A

ulnar collateral ligament injuries

53
Q

least injured knee ligament

A

PCL

54
Q

Longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius

55
Q

Optimal site for femoral nerve block

A

inguinal crease

lateral border of femoral artery

56
Q

largest branch of lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

57
Q

nerve passing between the iliacus and psoas muscle

A

femoral nerve

58
Q

point tenderness in anterior knee d/t repetitive trauma

“housemaid’s knee”

A

prepatellar bursitis

59
Q

action of tibialis posterior muscle

A

foot inversion

60
Q

common mechanism of injury of anterior shoulder dislocation

A

blow to an externally rotated and abducted arm

61
Q

structure that is anterior to the medial malleolus

A

saphenous nerve

62
Q

trendelenburg gait - muscle and nerve involved

A

gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
(superomedial quadrant)

63
Q

action and nerve supply of teres major and minor

A

major - internal rot (lower subscapular nerve)

minor - external rot (axillary nerve)

64
Q

other term for flexor retinaculum

A

transverse carpal ligament

65
Q

what forms the cubital tunnel

A

aponeurosis of flexor carpi ulnaris

66
Q

primary blood supply of ACL

A

medial geniculate artery

67
Q

empty can test examines the:

A

supraspinatus muscle

68
Q

action of tibialis anterior

A

foot dorsiflexion and inversion

69
Q

muscles responsible for foot eversion

A

peroneus (longus, brevis, tertius)

70
Q

nerve root of Achilles reflex

A

S1

71
Q

sciatic nerve is derived from

A

L4-S3

72
Q

Broca’s area is located at

A

inferior frontal gyrus

BA 44, 45

73
Q

Wernicke’s area is located at

A

caudal superior temporal gyrus

BA 22

74
Q

muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

75
Q

tensor tympani of the middle ear is supplied by the

A

mandibular nerve (V3)

76
Q

vulnerable to injury from cervical lymph node dissection

A

spinal accessory nerve

77
Q

impaired abduction above the horizontal involves

A

trapezius or serratus anterior

78
Q

structures of limbic system

A

CHAMF

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Mammillary bodies
Fornix
79
Q

vertebral artery originates from

A

subclavian artery

80
Q

most commonly injured leg nerve

A

common peroneal nerve

81
Q

sensory innervation of 1st web space

A

deep peroneal nerve

82
Q

structures passing through jugular foramen (4)

A

IJV

CN 9, 10, 11

83
Q

sensation to distal medial thigh is mediated by

A

obturator nerve

anterior division

84
Q

innervation of obturator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus

L4-S1

85
Q

innervation of obturator externus

A

obturator nerve

L2-4

86
Q

areas supplied by lenticulostriate vessels of MCA

A

basal ganglia

internal capsule

87
Q

innervation of rhomboids and levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

88
Q

structures passing through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3, 4, 5(1), 6
ophthalmic vein
sympathetic fibers

89
Q

single muscle of mastication that opens the jaw

A

lateral pterygoids

90
Q

most anterior of the great vessels of the heart

A

pulmonary trunk

91
Q

2 branches of external iliac artery (before becoming the common femoral artery)

A

inferior epigastric artery

deep circumflex iliac artery

92
Q

branches of external carotid artery

“Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”

A 
Superior thyroid a
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior auricular a
Maxillary a
Superficial temporal a
93
Q

location of coronary sinus orifice

A

between the ivc and tricuspid valve at the right atrium

94
Q

origin and insertion of serratus anterior

A

O: 1st 8 ribs
I: medial border of scapula

95
Q

Origin and insertion of external oblique

A

O: 5th to 12th rib (lateral)
I: linea alba, pubis, iliac crest

96
Q

origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

O: T7 to L5 spinous process, 9th to 12th ribs, inferior angle of scapula
I: humerus

USMLE 2019 (10 decks)

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