Anatomy Flashcards
Retroperitoneal Organs
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (2nd to 4th) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending and descending) Kidneys Esophagus (lower 2/3) Rectum (partial)
Peyer patches are seen in what layer of the ileum
Submucosa (extending to the lamina propria)
Areas of the GIT with crypts of lieberkühn
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon (no villi)
Plicae circulares are found where
Small intestine up to proximal ileum
largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine
Ileum
what structures are anastomosed in the TIPS procedure?
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
portal vein and hepatic vein
structure in the liver responsible for lymphatic drainage
space of Disse
zone in the liver affected by viral hepatitis and ingested toxins
Zone I
periportal
Zone in the liver affected by ischemia, metabolic toxins and alcoholic hepatitis
Zone 3
centrilobular
borders of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus
contents of femoral triangle
femoral nerve, artery, vein
contents of femoral sheath
femora vein, artery, deep inguinal lymph nodes
sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands
T1 to T3
parasympathetic stimulation of salivary glands
parotid - CN 9
sublingual, submandibular - CN 7
dense granules of platelets
ADP
calcium
vWF receptor on the platelet
GpIb
Fibrinogen receptor on the platelet
GpIIb/IIIa
type of proteins secreted by ribosomes in RER
secretory peoteins
integral membrane proteins (nucleus and cell membrane)
lysosomal proteins
ribosomes attach to the RER cia which protein complex
translocon
what activates macrophages
interferon gamma
Causes of eosinophilia
PAACC! Parasites Asthma Allergies Cancer Connective tissue diseases
basophilic granules
heparin
histamine
leukotrienes
enzymes produced by eosinophils
histaminase
arylsulfatase
(helps limit reaction ff mast cell degranulation)
costimulatory signal needed to activate T cells
CD28
commencement of the portal vein
behind the neck of the pancreas at L1
splenic vein + superior mesenteric vein
principal anastomosis of SMA and IMA in supplying the intestines
Marginal artery of Drummond
and arc of Riolan
Branches of abdominal aorta
“In Class, Med Students Really Love Going to I.M.”
Inf phrenic - Sup SR Celiac trunk Mid SR SMA Renal - Inf SR Lumbar Gonadal IMA Median sacral
Vertebral levels of branches of abdominal aorta
T12 - celiac trunk L1 - SMA, renal arteries L2 - gonadal arteries (testicular/ovarian) L3 - IMA L4 - bifurcation of aorta
structures draining to the internal iliac nodes
cervix
proximal vagina
prostate
corpus cavernosum
structures draining to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
distal vagina vulva distal anus scrotum abd wall below umbilicus
anastomosis between ovarian and uterine artery
artery of Sampson
ligament that contains the uterine vessels
cardinal ligament
autonomic innervation of the male sexual response
Point - erection - pelvic nerve
Squeeze - emission - hypogastric
Shoot - ejaculation - pudendal
branches of the internal iliac artery
“I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underwear”
Iliolumbar Lateral sacral Gluteal (sup and inf) Pudendal Inferior vesical Middle rectal Vaginal Obturator Umbilical and uterine
lymph nodes located below the inguinal ligament, bordered by the Sartorius and Adductor longus
Superficial inguinal LN
surgical technique of occluding the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament
Pringle maneuver
right gastroepiploic vein drains into
superior mesenteric vein
most commonly fractured carpal bone and is prone to avascular necrosis
scaphoid bone
most commonly dislocated carpal bone prone to acute carpal tunnel syndrome
lunate
fall on an outstretched hand damaging the hook of the hamate can cause injury to which nerve
ulnar nerve
carpal bone most prone to avascular necrosis
Scaphoid
most commonly fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
action of lumbricals
flexion of MCP
extension of PIP, DIP
action of peroneal nerve and tibial nerve
foot dropPED
can’t TIPtoe
peroneal - eversion and dorsiflexion
tibial - inversion and plantar flexion
hand / arm muscles with dual innervation
lumbricals
flexor digitorum profundus
Valgus stress test and joint line widening indicate what type of injury
MCL injury
type of injury diagnosed by joint line tenderness when knee is flexed
meniscal injury
muscles involved in lateral epicondylitis
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
(wrist extension)
muscles used when sitting up from supine
rectus abdominis external abdominal oblique hip flexors (iliopsoas)
most common elbow injury in children (1-4 y/o)
radial head subluxation
nursemaid’s elbow
popeye deformity
bicipital tendon rupture
injury that most commonly occurs in baseball pitchers / throwers
ulnar collateral ligament injuries
least injured knee ligament
PCL
Longest muscle in the body
sartorius
Optimal site for femoral nerve block
inguinal crease
lateral border of femoral artery
largest branch of lumbar plexus
femoral nerve
nerve passing between the iliacus and psoas muscle
femoral nerve
point tenderness in anterior knee d/t repetitive trauma
“housemaid’s knee”
prepatellar bursitis
action of tibialis posterior muscle
foot inversion
common mechanism of injury of anterior shoulder dislocation
blow to an externally rotated and abducted arm
structure that is anterior to the medial malleolus
saphenous nerve
trendelenburg gait - muscle and nerve involved
gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
(superomedial quadrant)
action and nerve supply of teres major and minor
major - internal rot (lower subscapular nerve)
minor - external rot (axillary nerve)
other term for flexor retinaculum
transverse carpal ligament
what forms the cubital tunnel
aponeurosis of flexor carpi ulnaris
primary blood supply of ACL
medial geniculate artery
empty can test examines the:
supraspinatus muscle
action of tibialis anterior
foot dorsiflexion and inversion
muscles responsible for foot eversion
peroneus (longus, brevis, tertius)
nerve root of Achilles reflex
S1
sciatic nerve is derived from
L4-S3
Broca’s area is located at
inferior frontal gyrus
BA 44, 45
Wernicke’s area is located at
caudal superior temporal gyrus
BA 22
muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
tensor tympani of the middle ear is supplied by the
mandibular nerve (V3)
vulnerable to injury from cervical lymph node dissection
spinal accessory nerve
impaired abduction above the horizontal involves
trapezius or serratus anterior
structures of limbic system
CHAMF
Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Mammillary bodies Fornix
vertebral artery originates from
subclavian artery
most commonly injured leg nerve
common peroneal nerve
sensory innervation of 1st web space
deep peroneal nerve
structures passing through jugular foramen (4)
IJV
CN 9, 10, 11
sensation to distal medial thigh is mediated by
obturator nerve
anterior division
innervation of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
L4-S1
innervation of obturator externus
obturator nerve
L2-4
areas supplied by lenticulostriate vessels of MCA
basal ganglia
internal capsule
innervation of rhomboids and levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
structures passing through the superior orbital fissure
CN 3, 4, 5(1), 6
ophthalmic vein
sympathetic fibers
single muscle of mastication that opens the jaw
lateral pterygoids
most anterior of the great vessels of the heart
pulmonary trunk
2 branches of external iliac artery (before becoming the common femoral artery)
inferior epigastric artery
deep circumflex iliac artery
branches of external carotid artery
“Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”
Superior thyroid a Ascending pharyngeal a Lingual a Facial a Occipital a Posterior auricular a Maxillary a Superficial temporal a
location of coronary sinus orifice
between the ivc and tricuspid valve at the right atrium
origin and insertion of serratus anterior
O: 1st 8 ribs
I: medial border of scapula
Origin and insertion of external oblique
O: 5th to 12th rib (lateral)
I: linea alba, pubis, iliac crest
origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi
O: T7 to L5 spinous process, 9th to 12th ribs, inferior angle of scapula
I: humerus
