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Radiation Therapy > Physics Test 1 > Flashcards

Physics Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If exponents are multiplied with the same base, what do you do with the exponents?

A

Add them

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2
Q

If exponents are being divided with the same base, what do you do with the exponents?

A

Subtract them

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3
Q

What do you do with a base and exponent raised to another power?

A

Multiply the exponents

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4
Q

What is the constant e?

A

2.78

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5
Q

What is the constant pi?

A

3.14

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6
Q

x=log10 (y) means what?

A

10 to what power =y?

Or

10^?=y

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7
Q

Log 1=?

A

0

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8
Q

Log 10=?

A

1

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9
Q

Log 100= ?

A

2

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10
Q

Log 10^n= ?

A

N

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11
Q

Log (1/10) = ?

A

-1

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12
Q

What is the base of nature log (ln)?

A

e

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13
Q

Rephrase: ln(128)

A

e to what power = 128

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14
Q

ln (1) = ?

A

0

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15
Q

ln (1.28)= ?

A

1

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16
Q

log (AxB) = ?

A

log (A) + log (B)

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17
Q

Log (A/B) = ?

A

Log (A) - log (B)

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18
Q

Log (A^B) =

A

B x log (A)

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19
Q

What is the inverse of log (x)?

A

10^x

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20
Q

What is the inverse function of ln (x)?

A

e^x

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21
Q

In a Semi-Log graph, what does movement along the y-axis signify if it is a graph with a linear y-axis?

A

Adding or subtracting constant amount

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22
Q

In a semi log graph, what does movement along the y-axis signify if the graph has a logarithmic y-axis?

A

Multiplying or dividing a constant amount

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23
Q

What is the formula for exponential growth?

A

A=Pe^rt

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24
Q

What are the variables in the exponential growth formula?

A

A=amount
P=principle (starting amount)
e=base of natural logarithm
r=annual interest rate
t=time in YEARS

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25
Q

What is the formula for circumference of a circle?

A

pi x d

Or

2pi x r

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26
Q

What is the formula for Area of a circle?

A

A= pi(r^2)

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27
Q

What is the formula of volume of a sphere?

A

4/3 pi * r cubed

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28
Q

What is the formula of surface area of a sphere?

A

4 pi r squared

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29
Q

Triangles are similar if:

A

All angles are the same

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30
Q

What is the formula for force?

A

F= ma

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31
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

F=ma

32
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

1 newton

33
Q

What is the formula of work?

A

Force x distance

34
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

N

35
Q

What is the formula of kinetic energy?

A

T= .5 mv^2

T= kinetic energy

36
Q

What is the relationship between energy and work?

A

Work is the change in energy

37
Q

What is power?

A

Rate at which work is done

38
Q

What is the formula of power?

A

P= W/t

39
Q

What are the units of power?

A

Watts or milliwatts

40
Q

What is the formula of energy? Units?

A

Power x time

Kilowatt- hours

41
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

1.6 x 10^-19 C

42
Q

1C is equal to how many electrons?

A

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

43
Q

What is responsible for electric fields?

A

Coulomb forces

44
Q

What is the equation for Coulomb forces? Meaning of variables?

A

F= (k[q1][q2])
————
r^2

F=coulomb force
q’s = charges of two objects
k= constant
r= distance between two objects

45
Q

In the Coulomb force equation, force is _________ to the magnitude of the charges.

A

Proportional

46
Q

In the coulomb equation, if distance is doubled, F will be :

A

1/4

47
Q

In the coulomb equation, if the distance is tripled, the force will be:

A

1/9

48
Q

What is current?

A

Flow of electrons in circuit

Charge / time

Coulomb/ second (Ampere)

49
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Voltage

What causes electrons to move in circuit

Volt = joule/ coulomb

50
Q

True or false, potential difference (voltage) is present even when there is no current.

A

True

51
Q

Commercial power is an example of what kind of voltage?

A

Alternating current voltage

52
Q

Batteries are an example of what kind of voltage?

A

Direct current voltage (DC)

53
Q

What is the formula for current?

A

I = Voltage / resistance

54
Q

Why is a 60 W bulb not as bright as a 100 W bulb?

A

The 60 W has higher resistance, and therefore lower current

55
Q

What is the purpose of a circuit breaker?

A

limit current from the power line to the generator

prevent over-current from damaging equipment or causing fire

disconnects device from power line

can be used during service

56
Q

What is a superconductor?

A

material with no resistance

57
Q

What is necessary for superconductors?

A

extremely low temperatures

58
Q

What is an example where a superconductor is used?

A

MRI

59
Q

How many electron volts are in one joule?

A

1eV is 1.6 x 10^-19 J

60
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

T(eV) = (Q/e) x V

TeV= kinetic energy (eV)
Q= charge of particle
e= charge of an electron
V= voltage of electric field

61
Q

What kinds of magnets are there?

A

permanent magnet

and

electromagnet (moving charges)

62
Q

Magnetism has direction and _________, with units:

A

strength; Tesla (T)

63
Q

What is the electromagnetic equation?

A

F= QvB

F= force (N)
Q=Charge (C)
v= velocity (m/s)
B=field strength (T) it is perpendicular to the field

64
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

radio
micro
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-rays
gamma rays

65
Q

What is an electronVolt?

A

the energy gained by accelerating one electron by one volt potential

66
Q

what is the speed of light, c?

A

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

67
Q

What is the formula for wavelength?

A

wavelength= c/f

68
Q

which has more mass, a proton or a neutron?

A

Neutron very slightly

69
Q

What determines an element’s chemical properties?

A

its electron shells

70
Q

What is the formula for calculating the number of electrons on each shell?

A

Shell number (n):

(2n^2))

71
Q

What does each column of the periodic table have in common? (vertical arrangement)

A

number of outer shell electrons

72
Q

There is more binding energy for shells _________ to the nucleus.

A

closer

73
Q

what is binding energy?

A

the amount of energy needed to remove an orbital electron from the atom

74
Q

what orbital shell has the highest binding energy?

A

the k shell

75
Q

Atoms with a greater atomic number have a _______ binding energy. Why?

A

greater; there is a greater positive charge in the nucleus

76
Q

For an electron to move to a higher energy shell (K to L) there must be: energy input or output? What is this called?

A

Energy input; you are traveling uphill figuratively

excitation

77
Q

When an electron moves to a lower shell, energy is __________. What is the result?

A

released;

characteristic x- ray

Radiation Therapy (26 decks)

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