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Peeb MCAT > Physics Quicksheets > Flashcards

Physics Quicksheets Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Current equation

A

I=Q/T in amperes(C/s)

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2
Q

Emf

A

Electromotive force - “pressure to move” or the difference in potential (voltage) between 2 terminals

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3
Q

Kirchoffs junction rule

A

I into the junction = I leaving the junction

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4
Q

Kirchhoffs loop rule

A

For a closed circuit loop, sum of the voltage sources=sum of voltage(potential) drops cuz conservation of energy!

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5
Q

vectors

A

physical quantities with both magnitude and direction (force, velocity)

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6
Q

scalars

A

physical quantities with magnitude no direction (mass, speed)

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7
Q

Displacement

A

change in position that goes in a straight-line path from the initial position to the final position, independent of the path taken

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8
Q

average velocity

A

x/t (m/s)

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9
Q

acceleration

A

rate of change of an object’s velocity v/t (m/s^2)

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10
Q

kinematic equations

A
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11
Q

projectile motion - vertical component =

-horizontal component =

A

= v sin theta

= v cos theta

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12
Q

static friction (and equation)

A

force must be overcome to set an object in motion

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13
Q

kinetic friction (and equation)

A

opposes motion of objects moving relative to each other

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14
Q

Newton’s first law

A

law of inertia - body in a state of motion or at rest will remain in that state unless acted upon by a net force

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15
Q

Newton’s second law

A

when a net force is applied to a body of mass m, the body will be accelerated in the same direction as the force applied to the mass

F=ma (N or kgm/s^2)

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16
Q

If a person in a hot air balloon is falling downwards and the F(gravity) > F(drag) then

A

person is accelerating downward

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17
Q

If a person in a hot air balloon is falling downward and the F(gravity) = F(drag) then

A

person is traveling at constant velocity

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18
Q

Newton’s third law

A

If body A exerts a force on body B, then B will exert a force back onto A that is equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction

Fb = - Fa

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19
Q

Newton’s law of gravitation (equation)

A

all forms of matter experience an attractive force to other forms of matter in the universe

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20
Q

mass vs weight

A

mass - scalar, measures inertia

weight - vector, measures body’s gravitational attraction to the earth (Fg = mg)

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21
Q

first condition of equilibrium

A

an object is in translational equilibrium when the sum of forces pushing it one direction is counterbalanced by the sum of forces acting in the opposite direction

sum F =0

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22
Q

Work

A

constant force acting on an object that moves a displacement of d

W=Fdcos(theta) in Nm

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23
Q

For a force perpendicular to displacement, W=?

A

0

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24
Q

For an expanding piston, if W>0

A

work is done by the system

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25
Q

When a piston compresses a gas, W<0 means

A

work is done on the system

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26
Q

How to determine work from a P vs V curve?

A

area under the curve

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27
Q

power

A

rate at which work is performed

P = W/t in J/s

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28
Q

energy is vector/scalar

A

scalar in J

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29
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

1/2 mv^2

30
Q

Potential energy

A

energy associated with a body’s position, gravitational potential energy due to gravity acting on an object

U = mgh

31
Q

Total mechanical energy equation

When is it conserved?

A

E= U + K

when sum of kinetic and potential energies remains constant

32
Q

Work-energy theorem

A

relates work performed by all forces acting on a body in a particular time interval to the change in energy at that time

net W = change in energy

33
Q

Conservation of energy

A

when there are no nonconservative forces (like friction) acting on a system, the total mechanical energy re,ains constant

change in E = change in K + change in U = 0

34
Q

linear expansion (mnemonic)

A

increase in length by most solids when heated

when temperature increases, the length of a solid increases “a Lot”

35
Q

volume expansion

A

increase in volume of fluids with heated

36
Q

conduction

convection

radiation

A

direct transfer of energy via molecular collisions

transfer of energy by the physical motion of a fluid

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

37
Q

specific heat (Q)

A

Q=mc/\T for object does not change phase

38
Q

Q>0

A

heat gained

39
Q

Q<0

A

heat lost

40
Q

heat of transformation

A

quantity of heat required to change the phase of 1 g of a substance

Q =mL

41
Q

phase changes are ________ processes

A

isothermal

42
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

/\U = Q - W

43
Q

for an adiabatic process, the first law of thermodynamics becomes

A

/\U=-W

44
Q

for a constant volume process, the first law of thermodynamics becomes

A

/\U = Q

45
Q

for an isothermal process, the first law of thermodynamics becomes

A

Q=W

46
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

in any thermodynamic process that moves from 1 state of equilibrium to another, the entropy of the system and environment together will either increase or remain unchanged

47
Q

density

A

m/v in kg/m^3

48
Q

specific gravity

A

density of substance/density of water

49
Q

density of water

A

10^3 kg/m^3

50
Q

weight of a fluid

A

=density*gV

51
Q

pressure

A

=F/A in pascals or N/m^2

52
Q

for static fluids of uniform density in a sealed vessel, pressure =

A

density*gravity*z

z=depth of the object

53
Q

absolute pressure

A

in a fluid due to gravity somewhere below the surface

P = P(initial) + density*gz

54
Q

gauge pressure

A

P(gauge) = P - Patm

where P = P(initial) - pgz

when P(initial) = Patm then P(gauge) = pgz

55
Q

continuity equation

A

A1V1 = A2V2

56
Q

bernoulli’s equation

A

P + 1/2 pv^2 + pgh

57
Q

buoyant force equation

A

Fb = density of fluid * g* Vsubmerged

58
Q

archimedes principle

A

buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

if the weight of the fluid displaced is less than the object’s weight, the object will sink

if the weight of the fluid displaced is greater than or equal to the object’s weight, then it will float

59
Q

Pascal’s principle

A

change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel

60
Q

coulomb’s law

A

like charges repel and opposite charges attract, with a force proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

61
Q

electric field

A

positive point change will move in the same direction as the electric field vector

negative charge will move in the opposite direction

62
Q

electrical potential energy

A

for a charge q at a point in space its the amount of work required to move it from infinity to that point

U = q*/\V = qEd = (kQq)/r

in J

63
Q

Electric potential

A

amount of work required to move a positive test charge q from infinity to a particular point divided by the test charge

V=U/q in J/C

64
Q

direction of current

A

direction that positive charge would flow, from high to low potential

65
Q

ohm’s law

A

V=IR

66
Q

resistance

A

opposition to the flow of charge

67
Q

when temperature increases, resistance

A

increases

68
Q

power dissipated by resistors (3 equations)

A

P=IV=V^2/R=I^2*R

69
Q

capacitance

A

ability to store charge per unit voltage

C=Q/V

70
Q
A

Peeb MCAT (7 decks)

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