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BMAT > Physics - Mechanics > Flashcards

Physics - Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what type of quantity is speed

A

scalar quantity

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2
Q

speed equation

A

speed = d / t

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3
Q

what type of quantity is velocity

A

vector quantity

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4
Q

velocity equation

A

velocity = displacement / time

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5
Q

what type of quantity is acceleration

A

vector

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6
Q

acceleration equation

A

acceleration = velocity / time

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7
Q

what is acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity

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7
Q

what is acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity

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8
Q

distance time graph -
what does straight line mean

A

stationary object

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9
Q

distance time graph -
what does a straight diagonal line mean

A

object moving with constant velocity

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10
Q

distance time graph -
what is the gradient of the line

A

the velocity

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11
Q

distance time graph -
what is on x and y axis

A

x = time
y = distance

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12
Q

distance time graph -
what is a curved line

A

accelerating object

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13
Q

velocity time graphs -
what is does a horizontal line mean

A

object moving w constant velocity

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14
Q

velocity time graphs -
what does a straight diagonal line mean

A

constant acceleration

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15
Q

velocity time graphs -
what is the gradient of the line

A

acceleration

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16
Q

velocity time graphs -
what is the area under the graph

A

displacement / distance travelled

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17
Q

equation involving
- final velocity
- initial velocity
- acceleration
- time

A

v = u + at

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18
Q

equation involving
- displacement
- initial velocity
- final velocity
- time

A

s = 0.5(u+v)t

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19
Q

equation involving
- final velocity
- initial velocity
- acceleration
- displacement

A

v^2 = u^2 +2as

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20
Q

what is a force

A

interaction between two or more objects

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21
Q

how is acceleration caused

A

unopposed force

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22
Q

what type of quantity is force

A

vector

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23
Q

what is the unit for force

A

Newtons (N)

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24
Q

resultant force

A

sum of all forces

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25
Q

what is tension force

A

when a spring/string/wire is pulled by equal and opposite external forces at each end and as shown, said to be subjected to a tension force

tension force typically causes extension on length of spring/string

greater the tension, greater the extension

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26
Q

force-extension characteristics on a graph - what does it mean if the graph is steeper

A

more force required to produce a given extension

27
Q

force-extension characteristics on a graph -
what does it mean if the graph is shallower

A

greater the extension for a given force

28
Q

when is a material described as rigid

A

if its deformation is small even with a large tension force

29
Q

force-extension characteristics of copper wire

A

stretches uniformly initially, until it suddenly stretched more just before reaching breaking point

30
Q

force-extension characteristics of glass

A

very rigid
deforms only very slightly before breaking

31
Q

force-extension characteristics of rubber

A

stretches non-uniformly

32
Q

what does elastic mean

A

means the material will return to its original lenth when tension is removed

33
Q

what does inelastic mean

A

material does not return to its original length when the tension is removed

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

34
Q

plastic deformation

A

material does not return to its original length when the tension is removed

35
Q

what is the elastic limit

A

point at which extension goes from elastic to inelastic

36
Q

what is Hooke’s Law

A

extension is proportional to force applied

F = Kx

F = force in N
x = extension in metres
K = spring constant in N/m

37
Q

what is spring constant a measure of

A

rigidity

higher spring constant means higher force is required to produce a certain extension

38
Q

limit of proportionality

A

point on force extension graph where the line is no longer straight
material no longer obeys Hooke’s Law (elastic limit)

39
Q

what is spring constant affected by

A
  • cross sectional area of spring (increased cross sectional area of spring increases spring constant)
  • length of spring (longer the spring, smaller the spring constant)
40
Q

two identical springs in series will have resultant spring constant of ..

A

0.5 x spring constant of 1 spring

41
Q

two identical springs in parallel will have resultant spring constant of ..

A

2 x spring constant of 1 spring

42
Q

what happens when a spring is stretched

A

work is done
energy is stored as elastic potential energy in the spring
if elastic limit is not exceeded, energy will be released as kinetic energy

43
Q

area under a force extension graph equation

A

E = 0.5Fx
E = 0.5Kx^2

44
Q

what happens if material is stretched beyond elastic limit

A

work done is partially or completely irretrievable as material will no longer return to its original length

45
Q

newtons first law

A

an object will remain stationary or moving at a constant velocity unless a force acts upon it

if resultant force is zero, then objects will also remain stationary or moving at a constant speed

when a resultant force acts upon an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the force

46
Q

newtons second law

A

acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force acting upon the object
furthermore, acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of an object

resultant force = mass x acceleration

F=ma

47
Q

newtons third law

A

force exerted by object A on object B is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by object B on object A

48
Q

what is momentum

A

quantity of motion of moving body that is a product of its mass and velocity

has symbol italic p

measured in Kgm/s

49
Q

momentum in a closed system

A

conserved

50
Q

force applied to change momentum equation

A

force = change in momentum / change in time

51
Q

car safety features

A

seatbelts and crumple zones

extends time over which momentum changes, force exerted on passengers reduced

occurs by using relationships between force, momentum and time

52
Q

mass

A

quantity of object
regardless of volume or forces
symbol M
measured in kg

53
Q

weight

A

force exerted on body by gravity
symbol W
measured in N

54
Q

how is weight calculated

A

mass of object x g

g = 10 !!!!!!!

55
Q

what happens when an object is in free fall

A

two forces acting on object is weight downwards and aerodynamic drag acting in opposite direction

object starts falling , weight acting down > aerodynamic drag , therefore has acceleration down

as object accelerates, magnitude of aerodynamic drag increases

drag increases until it is equal to objects weight, at this point there is no resultant force acting on the object so it moves at constant velocity (TERMINAL VELOCITY)

56
Q

terminal velocity

A

drag increases until it is equal to objects weight, at this point there is no resultant force acting on the object so it moves at constant velocity

57
Q

why do skydivers use a parachute

A

increase their aerodynamic drag causing them to decelerate until the forces are once again balanced, and they continue to fall at a new, lower terminal velocity

58
Q

energy

A

capacity of a body to do wok and work done is analogous to energy transferred

measured in J

59
Q

work done equation

A

work done = force x distance

60
Q

power

A

rate of energy transfer

61
Q

power equation

A

power = energy / time

62
Q

GPE

A

energy stored in an object due to position in a gravitational field

63
Q

change in GPE equation

A

mass x acceleration due to gravity x change in height

64
Q

kinetic energy equation

A

1/2 x mass x velocity^2

65
Q

what happens when there is no drag/resistance

A

all GPE will be converted to kinetic energy so

M x G x H = 1/2 x M x V^2

66
Q

what are the 9 forms of energy

A
  1. heat
  2. light
  3. sound
  4. kinetic
  5. electric
  6. nuclear
  7. elastic potential
  8. gravitational potential
  9. chemical potential

BMAT (33 decks)

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