Physics - Matter

Question 1

what is kinetic theory

Answer 1

explains that in a substance at different states, particles are exactly the same but have different amounts of kinetic energy and are arranged differently

Question 2

what happens to kinetic energy when a substance is heated

Answer 2

increases

Question 3

what do changes of state require in terms of bonds

Answer 3

energy to weaken or break bonds

Question 4

what does it mean when gradient on kinetic energy/time graph is 0

Answer 4

energy is being transferred to break bonds

Question 5

differences between pure and impure substances boiling/melting points

Answer 5

pure will change state at one temperature specifically whereas impure have a range of melting/boiling temperatures and cannot be said to have a specific melting/boiling point

Question 6

solid state
amount of energy?
force of attraction?
movement of particles?
density of particles?

Answer 6

amount of energy = least

force of attraction = strong

movement of particles = only vibrate, fixed positions, close together

density of particles = very dense, lack of movement

Question 7

liquid state
amount of energy?
force of attraction?
movement of particles?
density of particles?

Answer 7

amount of energy = more than solid

force of attraction = weaker than solid

movement of particles = can move slightly, not fixed, further apart than solids

density of particles = less dense than solid

Question 8

gas state
amount of energy?
force of attraction?
movement of particles?
density of particles?

Answer 8

amount of energy = most

force of attraction = very weak

movement of particles = many directions, fast, far apart

density of particles = least dense

Question 9

example of macroscopic motions

Answer 9

solid cannot flow
liquid/gas can flow

Question 10

what happens to temperature when thermal energy is transferred to a body

Answer 10

temperature rises unless state change

Question 11

what happens to temperature when thermal energy is removed from a body

Answer 11

temperature decreases

Question 12

why doesnt the temperature change during state changes

Answer 12

because the energy is changing the separation between particles

Question 13

latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 13

liquid to gas
boiling
condensing

Question 14

latent heat of fusion

Answer 14

solid to liquid
melting
freezing

Question 15

equation for amount of energy required to change state of substance

Answer 15

energy (J) = mass (kg) x latent heat (J/kg)

Question 16

when can you model a gas as an ideal gas

Answer 16

when you assume that particles obey Newton’s laws and that the volume of gas particles is negligible compared to overall gas volume (both at room temperature)

Question 17

what does a gas particle consist of

Answer 17

rapid random motion and not exerting forces on one another

Question 18

particles of gas colliding with each other

Answer 18

each collision exerts tiny force
these add up to an average force per unit area , or pressure, exerted by gas

Question 19

gas particles in a container

Answer 19

collide with walls of container
equates to a certain force per unit volume also known as the pressure of gas

Question 20

pressure volume constant

Answer 20

pressure x volume = constant

Question 21

pressure temperature constant

Answer 21

pressure / temperature = constant

Question 22

pressure and volume relationship

Answer 22

directly proportional

Question 23

pressure and temperature relationship

Answer 23

inversely proportional

Question 24

pressure volume constant constant equation

Answer 24

(P x V) / T

Question 25

density equation and units

Answer 25

density (kg/m^3) =
mass (kg) x volume (m^3)

Question 26

samples composed of the same substance will have … densities

Answer 26

the same

despite their volume and mass being different

Question 27

how to measure volume of regular object

Answer 27

ruler

Question 28

how to measure volume of an irregular object

Answer 28

volume of water it displaces

Question 29

pressure equation

Answer 29

pressure (Pa) =
force (N) / area (m^2)

Question 30

what is 1 Pa (pascals) equal to

Answer 30

1 N/m^2

Question 31

hydrostatic pressure equation

Answer 31

depth (m) x fluid density (kg/m^3) x gravitational field strength (N/kg)