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CORE > Physics - Mamms > Flashcards

Physics - Mamms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the focal spot size for general xray?

A

0.6 and 1.2 mm

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2
Q

What is PPV 2?

A

of actual caners found in a year / Total BR 4,5 (Recommend biopsy)

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3
Q

How many mamms months must you have to graduate residency?

A

3

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4
Q

What is the spatial resolution (lp/mm) of CT

A

0.7

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5
Q

What does the RSNA say for lp/mm in the left-right direction?

A

11

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6
Q

What radiation effect dominates at lower energies?

A

Photoelectric

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7
Q

How many documented hours of mamms education do you have to have?

A

60

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8
Q

What is used to reduce scatter in mag views?

A

Air gap

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9
Q

Cancers/1000 screened

A

3-8

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10
Q

What grid ratio is used in general rad?

A

6-16

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11
Q

What is the effective anode angle?

A

Anode angle + tube angle

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12
Q

What is the max dose to the breast phantom with a grid?

A

3 mGy (300 milirads)

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13
Q

What happens to the dose with a grid?

A

Increased

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14
Q

What is the max dose to the breast phantom without a grid?

A

1 mGy

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15
Q

What target/filter is used for denser breast tissue?

A

RH/RH

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16
Q

What can you do to Mo anode to make the beam harder for denser tissue?

A

Add aluminum filter

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17
Q

What target/filters will some digital systems use?

A

Tungsten/Rho Tungsten/Silver (Higher energy)

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18
Q

How often must you do: Viewbox conditions? (Mammo)

A

Weekly

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19
Q

What is the flat field test? What is it done for?

A

Imaging with a large piece of acrylic. Done to improve image quality and calibrate digital detectors

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20
Q

What is PPV 3?

A

of actual cancers found in a year / Total BR 4,5 with biopsy

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21
Q

What is the binding energy of Moly?

A

18 keV

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22
Q

What is the focal spot size for mammo?

A

0.1 and 0.3 mm

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23
Q

What is the bucky factor general xray?

A

5

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24
Q

How do you increase the spatial resolution in the mag view? What other variables change as a result?

A

Smaller focal spot. mA drops (~25) and exposure time increases

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25
Q

What is the probibility of a photoelectric effect occuring?

A

1 / z3 (cubed) (z = energy)

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26
Q

How is the ma affected by decreasing the focal spot size?

A

it is lowered

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27
Q

How often must you do: Repeat analysis (Mammo)

A

Quaterly

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28
Q

What is the spatial resolution (lp/mm) of screen film mammo?

A

15

29
Q

What is the ideal energy for diagnostic Mammography

A

16-23 kEv

30
Q

How many mamms must you have read under direct supervision during the last 2 years of training?

A

240

31
Q

What is MQSA required lp/mm for screen film?

A

12

32
Q

What grid ratio is used in mammo?

A

4-5

33
Q

How often must mammo centers be acreditied?

A

3 years

34
Q

What is grid ratio?

A

H/W, H = height, W= width between grids

35
Q

What is PPV 1?

A

of actual cancers found in a year / Total BR 0,4,5

36
Q

What are the target annodes for Diagnostic Mammo?

A

Moly and Rhodium

37
Q

What is the spatial resolution (lp/mm) of Digital radiograph

A

3

38
Q

How is the exposure time effected in mammo for the smaller focal spot?

A

increased, but usually less than 2 seconds.

39
Q

What is the MQSA phantom consist of?

A

50% fat 50% glandular tissue

40
Q

What is the spatial resolution (lp/mm) of MR

A

0.3

41
Q

How often must you do: Phantom Evaluation (Mammo)

A

Weekly

42
Q

Who oversees the MQSA?

A

FDA

43
Q

What is the bucky factor for mammo

A

2

44
Q

How often must you do: Darkroom Fog? (Mammo)

A

Semi-Annually

45
Q

How often must you do: Screen-Film Contrast (Mammo)

A

Semi-Annually

46
Q

What window is used in regular diagnostic imaging?

A

Pyrex

47
Q

What is ghosting?

A

Residual image from prior exposures. Why no lead in flat panel digital systems

48
Q

What is the mA limts for 0.1 mm focal spot?

A

50

49
Q

What is dark noise? What is it related to?

A

electronic fluctuations within the detector element. Proportional to the temperature to the detector.

50
Q

How often must you do: Compression Test?

A

Semi Annually

51
Q

What is the spatial resolution (lp/mm) of digital mammo

A

7

52
Q

What is the voltage needed to get diagnostic Mammo energies?

A

25-30 kVp

53
Q

What is the binding energy of tungston?

A

69.5 kev

54
Q

What target/filter is used for intermediate tissue?

A

mo/rh

55
Q

How often must you do: Processor QC? (Mammo)

A

Daily

56
Q

What has a higher spatial resolution digital or analog?

A

Digital 5-11 lp/mm. analog 11 - 13 lp/mm (winner)

57
Q

What is the target recall rate for mammo?

A

5-7%

58
Q

What is the mA limits for a 0.3 mm focal spot?

A

100

59
Q

What is the primary factor affecting the total noise in an image?

A

Number of photons interacting with the detector. This is fixed after the exposure.

60
Q

What target/filter is used for less dense breast tissue?

A

MO/MO

61
Q

What is MQSA standard for Lp/mm for digital systems?

A

There isn’t one ( manufacture specs ~7)

62
Q

What is the max dose to a patient’s breast in mammo?

A

There isn’t one

63
Q

What does the RSNA say for LP/MM in the anode-cathode directioN?

A

13

64
Q

What is the dose of Digital compared to analog?

A

1.8 mGy for Analog, 1.6 for digital

65
Q

What happens to total dose with mag views? Why?

A

Increases. Breast tissue is moved closer to the source.

66
Q

What window is used in mammo? Why?

A

Beryllium. Pyrex causes excessive attenuation of the energies needed in mammo

67
Q

What is the general target annode for regular diagnostic imaging?

A

Tungston

68
Q

How often must you do: Darkroom Cleanliness? (Mammo)

A

Daily

CORE (14 decks)

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