Physics Kerboodle

Question 1

Ideas in ancient times of moon, sun, earth

Answer 1

Earth was flat
Sun eaten by monsters during solar eclipse
Earth was supported by pillars or surrounded by ocean
Earth was supported on the back of a turtle
Moon was a big rock which early earth had flung into space

Question 2

When did most people in europe think earth was a sphere

Answer 2

300BC

Question 3

For how long did china believe earth was flat

Answer 3

1600

Question 4

Geocentric model

Answer 4

The earth did not move - the sun, moon, planets and stars moved around the Earth | they moved onto crystal spheres that light could travel through

Question 5

Who wrote books explaining Geocentric model
When

Answer 5

2 greek astronomers Plato and Aristotle | over 2000 years ago

Question 6

Who said there was a force between all objects when

Answer 6

Indian mathematician astronomer Bhaskaracharya | 1000 years ago

Question 7

What force did bhaskaracharya say is between planets

Answer 7

Gravity

Question 8

What else did bhaskaracharya work out

Answer 8

The Earth attracted the moon

Question 9

What did astronomers use newtons predictions for

Answer 9

There was a planet beyond Uranus

Question 10

Why was newtons idea powerful

Answer 10

Can be used to make predictions

Question 11

Why did people believe in geocentric model

Answer 11

Explains observations people saw every day

Ground did not seem to move
Sun and moon appears to move
Stars appeard to move

Question 12

A problem with geocentric model

Answer 12

Retrograde motion

Question 13

Retrograde motion

Answer 13

Planets appear to go backwards

Question 14

How did Ptolemy change geocentric model

Answer 14

So that the planets went in complicated orbits

Question 15

When did Ptolemy publish his ideas

Answer 15

140AD

Question 16

What did greek astronomer Aristarchus discover

Answer 16

Heliocentric model

Question 17

Heliocentric model

Answer 17

Planets orbit the sun

Question 18

When were Geocentric and Heliocentric models discovered

Answer 18

Geocentric - 2000 years ago

Heliocentric - around 200BC

Question 19

When did Nicolaus Copernicus publish a book about heliocentric model

Answer 19

1543

Question 20

Difference and similarity between geocentric and heliocentric

Answer 20

Geocentric says everything orbits Earth and heliocentric syas the opposite

Both models have orbiting by force gravity

Question 21

Who/when invention of telescope

Answer 21

Italian physicist Galileo Galilei | 1609

Question 22

What did Galileo see

Answer 22

Objects orbit Jupiter - they were moons of Jupiter and called Galilean satellites after him

Question 23

Evidence Galileo found that not everything orbits earth

Answer 23

Moons orbiting Jupiter not Earth

Question 24

Which model explains retrograde better

Answer 24

Heliocentric

Question 25

Observations astronomer Edwin Hubble made

Answer 25

Galaxies move away from us - 1929 - galaxies that were further away move faster

Question 26

What does the big bang explain about galaxies

Answer 26

Why galaxies move apart Why galaxies that are further away are moving faster

Question 27

When was the big bang

Answer 27

13.8 Billion years ago

Question 28

When did first stars appear after big bang

Answer 28

150 million years after

Question 29

When did galaxies form after big bang

Answer 29

Billions of years after

Question 30

When did our solar system for after big bang and how long ago today

Answer 30

9 billion years after | 5 billion years ago

Question 31

What did our solar system form from

Answer 31

A disc of dust and gas

Question 32

When did life on Earth start

Answer 32

4 billion years ago

Question 33

When did dinosaurs live

Answer 33

Between 200 million and 65 million years ago

Question 34

How long have humans existed for

Answer 34

Less than half a million years

Question 35

Ways to easily understand how big timescale of universe is

Answer 35

Make a model or analogy

Question 36

Why couldn't atoms form right after the big bang

Answer 36

Too hot for atoms to form

Question 37

Evidence for the big bang theory

Answer 37

Most galaxies appear red shifted which shows they are moving away from us and the universe is expanding

Question 38

What pushes a balloon forwards

Answer 38

Force of the air on the balloon

Question 39

1st artificial satellite (not natural - moon)

Answer 39

Sputnik 1

Question 40

When/where sputnik launched

Answer 40

Russians | 1957

Question 41

What keeps satellites in orbit

Answer 41

Force of gravity

Question 42

What are satellites used for

Answer 42

Communication, monitering weather, studying Earth and space,

Question 43

Geostationary orbit

Answer 43

Satellites that stay over same position on the Earth all the time

Question 44

How long does it take for a geostationary satellite to orbit Earth

Answer 44

1 day

Question 45

How far from Earth is a geostationary satellite

Answer 45

36,000km

Question 46

What do satellites need to do

Answer 46

Broadcast television signals Television company transmits radio signal to satellite Satellites broadcasts to lots of houses

Question 47

Low earth orbit

Answer 47

Orbit below 1000km from Earth

Question 48

Polar orbit

Answer 48

Useful for mapping | go over North and South pole

Question 49

When was apollo mission from

Answer 49

1961 to 1975

Question 50

Risks of going to space

Answer 50

Equipment can get damaged People can get injured Rocket can explode before take-off Solar flares impacting rocket Parachute doesn't work well Radiation from the sun

Question 51

What does 99.9% reliable mean

Answer 51

1000 missions something could go wrong once

Question 52

How many computers in 1963 were developed for space missions

Answer 52

Half

Question 53

Benefits of space station

Answer 53

Smartphones Computer-controlled gadgets Shock-absorbing materials used in sports shoes Computer programs for swiping credit cards Water filters Neil Armstrong saw how fragile the Earth looks from space which made people think about lookng after our planet

Question 54

Ways astronomers look for habitable planets

Answer 54

Transit photometry Relastivistic beaming Pulsar timing Ellipsoidal variations