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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

When was the big bang

A

13.8 billion

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2
Q

When does red-shift happen

A

When a source is moving away

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3
Q

When does blue shift happen

A

When a source is moving towards

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4
Q

How do we know our sun contains helium

A

There are black lines in the spectrum of the light from the Sun where helium has absorbed light

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5
Q

How do we know the universe is moving away from a single point

A

Light spectra from edge of universe shows red shift

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6
Q

What shift has light from most galaxies been observed to have

A

Red shift

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7
Q

Which galaxies are moving the fastest

A

Furthest galaxies

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8
Q

What evidence that universe is expanding

A

The furthest galaxies move fastest

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9
Q

What shows the universe was once very small

A

It’s stil expanding

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10
Q

What are galaxies held together by

A

Gravity

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11
Q

What can stop the expansion of the universe

A

Gravity between galaxies

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12
Q

What can the presence of dark matter mean

A

The average density of the universe would be much bigger

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13
Q

How much dark energy is universe made up of

A

68%

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14
Q

How much of the universe is dark matter made up of

A

27%

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15
Q

What takes up the remaining 5% of universe

A

Normal matter

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16
Q

2 main types of telescope

A

Refracting telescope - lense refract and focus the light

Reflecting telescope - curved mirrors reflect and focus the light

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17
Q

Problems with refracting telescope

A

Faint Image - some light reflects off the lens

Large lens needed to improve magnification - can be difficult to do

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18
Q

How does reflecting telescope work

A

Image formed by reflection from a curved mirror

Then magnified by secondary mirror

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19
Q

When/where first telescope invented

A

Netherlands - 17th century

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20
Q

Optical telescope

A

observe visible light from space

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21
Q

Optical telescope on the ground

A

Can only be used at night

Can’t be used if cloudy weather

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22
Q

Radio telescopes

A

detect radio waves coming from space - can be used in bad weather as radio waves not blocked by clouds

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23
Q

Earth orbiting telescope designed for

A

designed to relay astronomical data to the earth

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24
Q

Space telescopes

A

Telescopes in space observe whole sky

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25
Why is moon considered a satellite
Moves around Earth (orbits planet)
26
Do planets emit visible light
No
27
What makes a satellite successfully orbit Earth
When its speed is balanced by the pull of Earth' gravity
28
Which satellite takes longest to orbit Earth
Moon
29
Alternative to big bang theory
Steady state
30
Steady state theory
Universe always existed without a beginning of time
31
2 main theories
Universe has always existed Began from a small region
32
What is a theory
An attempt to explain phenomena in our universe
33
What happened 300,000 years after the big bang
Temperature dropped enough for atoms to form
34
When was milky way formed After billions of years galaxies start to form
5 billion years ago 8.7 billion years after the big bang
35
Doppler effect
Source of waves Wavelength and frequency remain constant
36
What happens the faster a light souce moves
The further its light will be shifted and the further away it is
37
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation CMBR
The remains of energy created after Big Bang
38
Which direction does CMBR come from
Every direction
39
What depends on galaxies to stop expansion of universe
Mass of galaxies How much space is between them How much space they take up Density
40
What happened first 3 min after big bang
Protons neutrons formed but it was too hot for atoms to form
41
When did universe cool for atoms to form
380,000 years after big bang
42
300-400 million years after big bang
Earliest stars began to form
43
When did humans first start to form
Between 5 - 7 million years ago
44
1 way big bang supported by evidence
Cosmic microwave background radiation
45
Light year
Distance measured in space - distance light travels in 1 year
46
How far is a lightyear M km
186,000 miles Per second 300,000 km
47
Forces that act on a rocket as it takes off
Gravity Drag force
48
Forces that keep satellite in orbit
Gravity Air resistence Drag
49
How to get satellites in orbit
Launching a satellite in orbit by attaching it to a rocket
50
Which part of the Earth do satellites pass over Geostationary orbit Low polar orbit Low earth orbit
Geostationary - above equator Low polar - north pole south pole Low earth - below 1000km from earth
51
How long do satellites take to complete 1 orbit Geostationary Low polar Low earth
Geostationary - a day Low polar - 90-120 min Low earth - 90-120 min
52
Do Geostationary, low polar, lower earth, satellite stay over same place
G - yes LPO | LEO - no
53
Which satellite checks on cyclones hurricanes and why
Geostationary and low earth orbit G - provide continuous monitoring of the Earth's surface
54
Wat satellite checks on climate change
Low earth orbit
55
Satellite takes 24 hours orbit earth radius is 42,000km
42,000 ➗ 24
56
How to calculate a speed of satellite
Speed = distance ➗ time
57
ISS travels 42,725 how calculate radius of orbit
2 x 3.14 x 42725
58
State 1 similarity and 1 difference between refraction reflective telescope
Refraction uses lens and reflective uses a curved mirror both telescopes make a small, inverted image of whatever it's pointed at
59
How do scientists investigate universe
Use telescopes to different parts of electromagnetic spectrum to study objects in space
60
Why hubble telescope uses mirrors not lenses
To help astronomers see far away objects in space more clearly
61
Advantages reflecting telescope
Large apertures, no chromatic aberrations, excellent price value ratio
62
Advantages refracting telescope
Advantages - low maintanence, portability, sharp bright images
63
Describe the orbit of an artificial satellite
These orbits are much higher than polar orbits so satellites travel more slowly
64
A table - average distance - 391,400, 42,200, 26000 Time taken - 28 days, 1 day, 12 hour, 3.8 hours What conclusion
As average distance decreases average speed increases
65
3 radiations Alpha beta gamma
Alpha - emission of an alpha particle Beta - emission of electrons or positrons Gamma - emission of energetic photons
66
1st living things to go to space
Fruit flies
67
Inflation theory
At the beginning of the universe expanded faster than the speed of light
68
Disadvantages refraction telescope
Expensive Limited aperture Chromatic aberration
69
Disadvantage reflection telescopes
Lack of poratbility Lower contrast Higher maintanence requirements
70
Describe the action and purpose of a solar panel
convert sunlight into electrical energy

Science (6 decks)

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