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Chemisty Flashcards

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1
Q

How particles arranged

A

Solid - ordered

Liquid and gas - random

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2
Q

How particles move
Solid
Liquid
Gas

A

Solid - vibrate only

Liquid - move freely

Gas - move fairly freely

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3
Q

Why do liquids and gases take the shape of their container

A

Particles can move around

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4
Q

Why do solids not take the shape of their container

A

Particles cannot move around

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5
Q

Why can gases be squashed easily

A

There are big spaces between the particles which can be pushed closer together

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6
Q

Why can’t solids and liquids be squashed easily

A

Particles are close so cannot be pushed closer together

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7
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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8
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

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9
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Evaporation

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10
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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11
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

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12
Q

Gas to solid

A

Deposition

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13
Q

In an atom where are all the
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Nucleus

A

Protons, nucleus - in the center

Electrons - on the outer lines

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14
Q

Relative mass/charge of
Proton
Electron
Neutron

A

Relative mass
Proton, neutron - 1
Electron - 0

Charge
Proton +
Neutron I
Electron -

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15
Q

Why are atoms always neutral

A

The number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of protons

So an atom as a whole is electrically neutral

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16
Q

Mon-

Di/bi-

Tri-

A

Mono - 1

Bi - 2

Tri - 3

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17
Q

SO3

NO

NO2

A

SO3 - sulphur trioxide

NO - Nitrogen monoxide

NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide

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18
Q

What elements would you react together to make iron oxide

A

Iron and oxygen

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19
Q

Atoms in

CO2
CuSO4

A

CO2 - 1 carbon 2 oxygen

CuSO4 - 1 copper 1 sulphur 4 oxygen

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20
Q

Stoichiometry

A

Chemical quantites in chemistry

where ratio of amounts of each substance in a chemical reaction is balanced

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21
Q

What do word equationss represent

A

Changes that happen in chemical reactions using names of substances involved

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22
Q

What do Balanced chemical equations represent

A

Represent changes that happen in chemical reactions

using formulae of the reactants and products

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23
Q

Molar mass

A

Mass of 1 mole that substance equal to

Relative atomic mass
Relative formula mass

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24
Q

Molar mass

SO2

(SO4)3

A

SO2 | 16 + (2x8) = 32

(SO4)3 | S3 + O7

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25
Q

Mole

A

the unit for amount of substance

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26
Q

How to work out | Number of moles of atoms

A

Mass in grams
____________________

Molar mass of atoms

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27
Q

Mass (g)

A

Molar mass (g/mole) x amount (mol)

28
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

Number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of any substance
23
6.02 x 10 Per mole

29
Q

Reactants

A

Starting chemicals in a chemical reaction

30
Q

Relative formula mass

F2

H2SO4

A

F2 - 2(19) = 38

H2SO4 - 2(1) + 32 + 4(16)

31
Q

Number of moles in each substance

90.0g of H2O
685g of NH3

A

90 ➗ 18 = 5 moles

685 ➗ NH3 (10) = 68.5

32
Q

Mass of substances

4.00 moles of N2
0.100 moles of HNO3

A

4.00 x 28 = 112

0.100 x 63 = 6.30g

33
Q

0.0200 moles of a compound is found to have a mass of 1.64 g

Find the formula mass of the compound

A

1.64 ➗ 0.0200

34
Q

Pure substance

A

Contains only 1 substance

35
Q

In a graph

|||
📈📉
Where is the melting point of the substance

A

The first _____________

36
Q

What do nucleus of an atom contain

A

Protons amd neutrons

37
Q

How many electrons

24
Mg
12

A

12

38
Q

How many moles of helim atoms in
24
2.4 x 10

A

4.0

39
Q

Names
CO

A

Carbon monoxide

40
Q

Element

A

Pure substance
made of one type of atom

41
Q

Compound

A

Two or more different elements chemically bonded/joined

42
Q

Mixture

A

consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together

43
Q

Wat does property of substance do

A

Describe what it looks like and how it behaves

44
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Solid liquid gas

45
Q

Which states of matter can compress

Which states of matter can flow

A

Compress

Solid liquid - no
Gas - yes

Flow

Solid - no
Liquid gas - yes

46
Q

Shape

Solid
Liquid
Has

A

Solid - fixed unless you apply a force

Liquid - takes shape of the bottom of its container

Gas - takes shape of whole container

47
Q

How draw liquid

A

Circles that are all touching but move

48
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature a substance boils

49
Q

How to measure boiling point

A

Pour liquid into a beaker

Heat liquid and measure temp every min

Plot results on a graph

50
Q

When can evaporation occur

A

Happens at any temperature

51
Q

Force between particles

A

Solid - strong

Liquid - weaker

Gas - almost none

52
Q

Energy levels

A

Solid - little

Liquid - some

Gas - lots

53
Q

What do horizontal sections on graph show

A

Energy transferred by heating and not used to change temperature

54
Q

What happens to the particles when ice cube melts and freezes again

A

Particles in ice gain heat energy and vibrate more

a solid changes state and becomes liquid

Particles in a liquid lose heat energy and move less quickly

Then a liquid changes state and becomes ice

55
Q

Dioxide

A

2

56
Q

Avogadro’s number - how many particles

1 mole
2 mole
0.5 moles
10 mole
48g

A

1 mole - 6.02 x 10(23)

2 moles - 6.02 x 2 = 1.20 x 10(24)

0.5 moles - 6.02 ➗ 2 = 3.01 x 10(23)

10 moles - 6.02 x 10(23) = 6.02 x 10(24)

48g Magnesium - 1.20 x 10(24)

57
Q

% by mass of O in H2O

A

16
100 x ___ = 88.9%
18

16 = O
18 = H2O

58
Q

% mass of O in Ca(NO3)2

A

2(14)
100 x ______ = 17.1%
164

59
Q

Examples of element

A

N
Ag
Cl
O

60
Q

Examples of compound

A

CuSO4
Pure water (H2O)
Table salt
Carbon dioxide

61
Q

Examples of mixture

A

Soil
Seawater
Air

62
Q

5 properties of solid

A

Hard/strong

Fixed shape

Cannot be compressed (easily)

Fixed volume

High density

63
Q

5 properties of a liquid

A

Can flow

Shape changes to fill bottom of container

Cannot be compressed (easily)

Fixed volume

High density

64
Q

5 properties of gas

A

Can flow

Shape changes to fill a closed container

Can be compressed

Variable volume

Low density

65
Q

Examples of gas

A

Air

Smoke

Steam

Science (6 decks)

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