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math > Physics Exam Review > Flashcards

Physics Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules for significant digits?

A

If there is a decimal point leading 0s are insignificant
If there isn’t a decimal 0s to the right are insignificant
All other digits are significant

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2
Q

What are the rules for significant digits when multiplying and dividing ?

A

Round your final answer to the least # of significant fig

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3
Q

What are the rules for significant digits when adding and subtracting?

A

Round the final answer to the least accurate # of decimal places.

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4
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

Has magnitude but no direction

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5
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

Has magnitude and direction

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6
Q

How do you add vectors in 2 dimensions?

A

Option 1: Scale diagram. Option 2: Trig.

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7
Q

How do you find the average speed/ velocity?

A

Speed= distance/time. Velocity= displacement/time.

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8
Q

How to find instantaneous velocity?

A

Use the slope. M= change in y/change in x

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9
Q

What is mass?

A

The quantity of matter in an object

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10
Q

What is weight?

A

The force of gravity on an object.

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11
Q

What is inertia?

A

The property of matter that resists change to its motion. The greater the mass the greater the inertia.

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12
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

If the net force is 0 it will remain at rest or remain in motion at a constant velocity.

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13
Q

What is newton’s 2nd law?

A

If the net external force is not 0 the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force.

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14
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

For every action force there is a reactionary force of = magnitude and opposite direction.

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15
Q

What is static friction?

A

Acts on a stationary object and prevents motion.

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16
Q

What is kinetic friction?

A

Acts to oppose the motion of a moving object.

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17
Q

What is the coefficient of friction?

A

The ratio of the magnitude force of friction to the magnitude of the normal force.

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18
Q

What is work?

A

Is the energy transferred to an object by applied force for a measured distance. J=Nm

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19
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

The sum of the Eg and Ek for an object.

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20
Q

What is percent efficiency?

A

The ratio of useful output to total energy input.

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21
Q

What is power?

A

The rate work is done or energy is transferred. 1J/s=1W

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22
Q

What is transverse vibration?

A

Object vibrates perpendicular to its axis. (swing)

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23
Q

What is longitudinal vibration?

A

Object vibrates parallel to the axis. (baby jumper)

24
Q

What is torsional vibration?

A

Twists back and forth around its axis.

25
Q

What is Amplitude?

A

(A) Distance from equilibrium position to max displacement

26
Q

What is Frequency?

A

(f) # of cycles completed per unit time. f= #cyc/total t

27
Q

What is Period?

A

(T) Time to complete one full cycle. T= total t/#cyc

28
Q

State the principle of Superposition

A

At any point in the medium the resulting amplitude is the algebraic sum of the two interfering amplitudes.

29
Q

What does a reflected pulse from a free end look like?

A

reflected

30
Q

What does a reflected pulse from a fixed end look like?

A

reflected and inverted

31
Q

Define Wave

A

A periodic disturbance which transfers energy over a distance

32
Q

What are the characteristics of a wave?

A

Crest: The region where the displacement is positive
Trough: The region where the displacement is negative
Amplitude (A): The distance above/below its equilibrium position to max displacement
Wavelength (λ): The distance between any consecutive points on the waves which are in phase (crest-crest)

33
Q

Does amplitude of a pulse affect its speed?

A

No

34
Q

What happens to wavelength if frequency of vibrations is increased?

A

As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

35
Q

Doppler effect

A

Moving towards = shorter λ, (Vw/Vw-Vs), fd > fs
Moving away = longer λ, (Vw/Vw+Vs), fd
Vw-speed of wave, V/f s-source speed/frequency

36
Q

Resonance in open air columns

and closed air columns

A

O: 1st resonant length = 1/2λ, 2nd = 1λ, 3rd = 3/2λ
C: 1st resonant length = 1/4λ, 2nd r.l. = 3/4λ, 3rd r.l. = 5/4λ

37
Q

What would happen to the force experienced by two objects if one mass was doubled?

A

The force would double.

38
Q

What would happen to the force experienced by two objects if both masses were doubled?

A

Force would be 4x as big.

39
Q

What would happen to the force experienced by two objects if the distance between them was doubled?

A

Force would be 1/4 as big

40
Q

What would happen to the force experienced by two objects if the distance between was halved?

A

Force would be 4x as big

41
Q

What is Specific Latent Heat of Fusion?

A

Amount of therm energy required to melt

Lf=Qf/m

42
Q

What is Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization?

A

Amount of therm energy required to vaporize (per kg) of a substance at boiling point

43
Q

Specific Latent Heat Equation for Q?

A

Q(f/v) = mL(f/v)

44
Q

Transverse Waves

A

When particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave

45
Q

Longitudinal Waves

A

Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. Extensions are rarefactions, and compressions…

46
Q

Force of attraction between charges

A

Fe = kQ1Q2 / d^2

47
Q

Find charge if deficit/excess

A

q = ne

48
Q

What is Induced Fission?

A

Nucleus struck with free neutron becomes unstable and splits

49
Q

What is Spontaneous Fission?

A

Unstable heavy isotope splits without interaction

50
Q

What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?

A

1/12th the mass of carbon-12 mucleus

51
Q

Alpha Particle

A

Helium nucleus

52
Q

What is Proper Nuclear Notation?

A

Atomic# on bottom, total# of particles in nucleus on top

53
Q

How to find speed of sound?

A

v=331.6+0.606t

54
Q

Half life finding t or h

A

find a common base or log

55
Q

Position Time Graphs

A

Shows distance over time with respect to reference point. To find velocity use slope. To find acceleration use tangent method.

56
Q

Velocity Time Graphs

A

Shows velocity over time. To find displacement use area under graph. To find acceleration use slope.

math (19 decks)

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