Physics - Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the essential components or the xray tube?

A

Support system
Protective housing
Glass or metal enclosure

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2
Q

Protects patient and MRTs from unnecessary radiation exposure and protects from electric shock

A

Protective housing

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3
Q

T/F
Leakage radiation is less than 1 mGya/s at 1 meter

A

True

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4
Q

What is the window called where X-rays are emitted?

A

Useful beam

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5
Q

What are X-rays called that escape through the protective housing?

A

Leakage radiation

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6
Q

What is the xray tube contained in?

A

A vacuum

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the xray vacuum?

A

-Efficient xray production
-Extends tube life
-Less heat produced

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8
Q

What is the length and diameter of an xray vacuum?

A

Length = 30-50cm
Diameter = 20cm

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9
Q

Negative side of the xray tube

A

Cathode

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10
Q

What are the 2 primary components of the cathode?

A

-filament
-focusing cup

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11
Q

What is the size of the filament?

A

Length = 1-2cm
Diameter = 2mm

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12
Q

Emits electrons when heated

A

Filament

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13
Q

Outer shell electrons are boiled off the filament and and ejected

A

Thermionic emission

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14
Q

What are filaments usually made from?

A

Thoriated tungsten

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15
Q

T/F
The boiling point of tungsten is 3410 degrees Celsius and it does not vaporize easily

A

True

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16
Q

What charge does the focusing cup have?

A

Negative

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17
Q

What is it called when an xray tube has two focusing cups side by side?

A

Small and large focal spot

18
Q

What is the purpose of the focusing cup?

A

Negatively charged cup confines electrons to a small area of the anode

19
Q

Electron cloud formed around the filament

A

Space charge

20
Q

What defines the focal spot size?

A

The size of the filament

21
Q

What is the size of a small filament?

22
Q

What is the size of a large filament?

23
Q

Positive side of the xray tube

24
Q

What are the two types of anodes?

A

Stationary and rotating

25
What are the functions of the anode?
Conducts electricity Radiates heat and X-rays from the target
26
How much of the kinetic energy is transferred to thermal energy when the electrons strike the target
99%
27
What are the most common anode materials?
Copper, molybdenum, graphite
28
Area of the anode struck by the electrons
Target
29
What is the target made of?
Tungsten
30
What is the atomic number of tungsten?
74
31
Thin shaft between the anode and rotor, usually made of molybdenum
Anode stem
32
What is used to turn the anode?
Induction motor
33
The part outside the glass or metal enclosure, consists of a series of electromagnets equally spaced around the neck of the tube
Stator
34
Inside the glass or metal enclosure, a shaft made of bars of copper and soft iron fabricated into one mass
Rotor
35
Spot of interaction between electrons and anode to produce xray photons
Focal spot
36
When the target angle is smaller, the effective focal spot is…
Smaller
37
What is the angle of the target in diagnostic xray tubes?
5-20 degrees
38
T/F Effective focal spot increases with with increasing angle
True
39
The xray beam has a higher intensity on the cathode side than the anode side, what is this called?
Anode heel effect
40
What can the intensity vary up to with the anode heel effect?
45%