Physics - Chapter 3 Flashcards
Smallest particle that has all the properties of an element
Atom
The removal of an orbital electron from an atom
Ionization
The force that keeps an electron in orbit
Centripetal force
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers
Isotope
Atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass number but different atomic numbers
Isobar
Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons
Isotone
Same atomic number and the same atomic mass number
Isomer
Atoms of various elements may combine to form a structure
Molecule
A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule
Compound
The spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become stable
Radioactivity
A helium nucleus that contains two protons and two neutrons
Alpha particle
An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom
Beta particle
What is the electric charge of an atom in its normal state
Zero
1 amu = 1/12 of the mass of a Carbon - 12 atom
1 amu = 1.67 x 10^-27kg
Atomic mass unit
What determines the chemical element
Number of protons
Atomic number ( number of protons)
Z
Atomic mass ( number of protons + number of neutrons)
Atomic mass
What are alpha and beta particles an example of?
Particulate radiation
What are gamma and xray photons an example of?
Electromagnetic radiation
- high energy photon
- originates in nucleus
Gamma photon
- originates in the electron cloud
Xray photon
- no mass
- no charge
Gamma and xray photons
Z = 2
A = 4
Charge +2
Mass ~ 4 amu
2 protons + 2 neutrons
Alpha particles
A = 0
Charge - -1 OR +1
Mass ~ 0 amu
Electron OR positron created in nucleus
Beta particles
What is the smallest particle of a compound?
Molecule
What does radioactive decay result in the emission of?
Alpha and beta particles and usually gamma rays