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Physics > Physics - Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Physics - Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Smallest particle that has all the properties of an element

A

Atom

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2
Q

The removal of an orbital electron from an atom

A

Ionization

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3
Q

The force that keeps an electron in orbit

A

Centripetal force

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4
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers

A

Isotope

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5
Q

Atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass number but different atomic numbers

A

Isobar

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6
Q

Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons

A

Isotone

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7
Q

Same atomic number and the same atomic mass number

A

Isomer

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8
Q

Atoms of various elements may combine to form a structure

A

Molecule

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9
Q

A chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule

A

Compound

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10
Q

The spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become stable

A

Radioactivity

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11
Q

A helium nucleus that contains two protons and two neutrons

A

Alpha particle

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12
Q

An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom

A

Beta particle

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13
Q

What is the electric charge of an atom in its normal state

A

Zero

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14
Q

1 amu = 1/12 of the mass of a Carbon - 12 atom
1 amu = 1.67 x 10^-27kg

A

Atomic mass unit

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15
Q

What determines the chemical element

A

Number of protons

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16
Q

Atomic number ( number of protons)

A

Z

17
Q

Atomic mass ( number of protons + number of neutrons)

A

Atomic mass

18
Q

What are alpha and beta particles an example of?

A

Particulate radiation

19
Q

What are gamma and xray photons an example of?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

20
Q
  • high energy photon
  • originates in nucleus
A

Gamma photon

21
Q
  • originates in the electron cloud
A

Xray photon

22
Q
  • no mass
  • no charge
A

Gamma and xray photons

23
Q

Z = 2
A = 4
Charge +2
Mass ~ 4 amu
2 protons + 2 neutrons

A

Alpha particles

24
Q

A = 0
Charge - -1 OR +1
Mass ~ 0 amu
Electron OR positron created in nucleus

A

Beta particles

25
Q

What is the smallest particle of a compound?

A

Molecule

26
Q

What does radioactive decay result in the emission of?

A

Alpha and beta particles and usually gamma rays

Physics (9 decks)

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