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Physics > Physics - Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Physics - Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What kvp do imaging systems usually operate between?

A

25-150 kvp

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2
Q

What is the tube current in an imaging system?

A

100-1200mA

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3
Q

What shape is an xray couch/table?

A

Flat or curved

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4
Q

How far can a fluoroscopy table tilt toward the feet?

A

90 degrees

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5
Q

How far can a fluoroscopy table tilt toward the head?

A

30 degrees

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6
Q

What is a common material for an xray table to be made of?

A

Carbon Fiber

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7
Q

What are the 3 principle part of an xray imaging system?

A

Xray tube
Operating console
High voltage generator

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8
Q

What does Theo operating console allow technologists to control?

A

Xray tube current and voltage

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9
Q

What is xray quantity?

A

Intensity (mAs)

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10
Q

What is xray quality?

A

Penetrability (kvp)

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11
Q

How many volts are xray imaging systems designed to operate at?

A

220V
Some can operate at 110V or 440V

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12
Q

What percent can the voltage vary by in a hospital? Why?

A

Up to 5%
Electric power companies are not capable of providing 220V accurately and continuously

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13
Q

What part of the operating console measure the voltage provided to the xray imaging system and adjusts that voltage precisely to 220V?

A

Line compensator

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14
Q

Has only one winding and one core

A

Autotransformer

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15
Q

Designed to supply a precise voltage to the filament circuit and to the high voltage circuit of the xray imaging system

A

Autotransformer

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16
Q

T/F
The primary voltage and the secondary voltage in an Autotransformer are directly related to the number of turns of the transformer enclosed by the respective connections

A

True

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17
Q

What does the major kvp selector do?

A

Gives a broad selection of kvp technique

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18
Q

What does the minor kvp selector do?

A

Fine tunes the selected technique

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19
Q

What is the filament current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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20
Q

What current do filaments usually operate at?

A

3-6A

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21
Q

Tube current

A

mA

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22
Q

Tube voltage

A

kV

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23
Q

Line compensation

A

kV

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24
Q

Lower the voltage for safer use and manipulation

A

Autotransformer

25
Q

What is the full name for a filament transformer?

A

Filament heating isolation step-down transformer

26
Q

What does the filament transformer step the voltage to?

A

Approx. 12V

27
Q

What is the current and voltage in the primary windings of a filament transformer?

A

0.5A - 1A
150V

28
Q

What is the current and voltage in the secondary windings of a filament transformer?

A

5A - 8A
12V

29
Q

What are the most accurate type of timer?

A

Electronic

30
Q

Uses synchronous motor as timing mechanism
Minimum exposure time = 17 ms

A

Synchronous

31
Q

Monitors the product of mA and time
Terminates exposure when specific mAs is obtained

A

Milliampere-second timer

32
Q

Measures quantity of radiation that reaches the IR
Exposure automatically terminates when required intensity has reached IR

A

AEC

33
Q

What are the 3 parts of a high voltage generator?

A

High voltage transformer
Filament transformer
Rectifiers

34
Q

The process of converting AC to DC

A

Rectification

35
Q

What type of transformer is the high voltage transformer?

A

Step up

36
Q

What is the turns ratio of a high voltage transformer usually between?

A

500:1 and 1000:1

37
Q

What is responsible for increasing the output voltage from the autotransformer to the kvp necessary for xray production?

A

High voltage generator

38
Q

What is the oil primarily used for in a high voltage generator?

A

Primarily used for electrical insulation

39
Q

What is the primary voltage in a high voltage transformer measured in?

A

Volts

40
Q

What is the secondary voltage measured in in a high voltage transformer?

A

Kilovolts

41
Q

What is the primary current measured in in a high voltage transformer?

A

Amperes

42
Q

What is the secondary current measured in in a high voltage transformer?

A

Milliamperes

43
Q

What type of current is required for an xray tube?

A

DC

44
Q

What is required to ensure that electrons flow from cathode to anode only

A

Voltage rectification

45
Q

What results from single phase power?

A

Pulsating xray beam

46
Q

What is a disadvantage of a single phase power supply?

A

Xrays produced during the lower part of the voltage cycle have low penetrability

47
Q

Multiple voltage waveforms are superimposed on one another, resulting in a waveform that maintains a nearly constant high voltage

A

Three phase power supply

48
Q

What are the limitations of three phase power supply?

A

Initiation time and extinction time

49
Q

Generator producing a nearly constant potential voltage waveform, improving image quality and lowering patient dose

A

High frequency

50
Q

What is the converted frequency in a high frequency generator?

A

500-25 000 Hz

51
Q

Variation between minimum and maximum voltage

A

Voltage ripple

52
Q

T/F
Less voltage ripple leads to better beam quality/quantity

A

True

53
Q

100% voltage ripple

A

Single phase

54
Q

14% voltage ripple

A

Three phase, six pulse

55
Q

4% voltage ripple

A

Three phase, twelve pulse

56
Q

1% voltage ripple

A

High frequency

57
Q

High voltage generator power(kW) = maximum tube current (mA) at 100kvp and 100ms

A

Power rating

58
Q

What is the power rating for basic radiography?

A

30-50kW

59
Q

What is the power rating for interventional radiography?

A

Up to 150kW

Physics (10 decks)

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