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Physics > Physics assessment September 2016 > Flashcards

Physics assessment September 2016 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are kilowatt-hours?

A

Units of enegry

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2
Q

Give an example of an electrical appliance that has to transfer electrical energy in to other forms?

A

Sound and Heat energy in a radio

Sound, heat and kinetic in a hair dryer

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3
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (j)

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4
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts or killowatts

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5
Q

Name 8 renewable energy sources?

A 
Wind power
Solar Cells
Hydroelectric Power
Pumped Storage
Wave Power
Tidal Barrages
Geothermal Energy 
Biofuels
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6
Q

Where does tend to flow away from?

A

From hotter objects to cooler surrondings

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7
Q

What 3 ways is heat transferred?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

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8
Q

What is heat radiation?

A

The transfer of heat energy by infrared radiation

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9
Q

Which 2 ways involve the transfer of energy by particles?

A

Conduction

Convection

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10
Q

What is the main form of heat transfer in solids?

A

Conduction

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11
Q

What is the main form of heat transfer in liquids and gases?

A

Convection

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12
Q

Infrared radiation can be emitted by…..?

A

Solids
Liquids
Gases

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13
Q

An object can both….and…. infrared radiation

A

Absorb

Emit

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14
Q

The bigger the temperature difference between a body and its surroundings the….?

A

Faster energy is transferred by heating

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15
Q

When you heat a substance you give the particles more….

A

Kinetic energy

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16
Q

What is conduction of heat energy?

A

vibrating particles pass energy to others transferring heat

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17
Q

Why do metals conduct so well?

A

Free electrons

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18
Q

What is convection?

A

Energetic particles move from the hotter regions to the cooler ones and take their heat energy with them

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19
Q

What are convection currents?

A

Change in density

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20
Q

Steps in convection currents?

A

Particles spread and water/air expands
Hot water/air rises as its less dense
Fast particles collide with slow transferring heat
Cool water/air falls as its now more dense

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21
Q

What is reflection of light?

A

Is what allows us to see objects. Lights bounces of them into our eyes

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22
Q

What is the normal?

A

An imaginary line that’s perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

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23
Q

When light is travelling in the same direction reflects from an uneven surface what will the light do?

A

Light will reflect off at different angles

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24
Q

What rules apply when drawing a ray diagram?

A

The image is the same size as the object.

The object and image are the same distance away from the mirror.

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25
Q

What 3 things is the virtual image?

A

Laterally inverted
Same distance
Same size

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26
Q

What does laterally inverted mean?

A

The lefts and right sides are swapped

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27
Q

What do waves do when they reflect?

A

They obey the law of reflection

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28
Q

What is the angle of incidence ?

A

Its in between the incoming ray and the normal

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29
Q

What is the angle of reflection?

A

Its in between the reflected ray and the normal

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30
Q

What are waves?

A

They are vibrations that transfer energy from one place to another

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31
Q

Which sound waves travel through a medium?

A

Sound waves and seismic waves

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32
Q

What do transverse waves do?

A

The vibrations are at right angles to the direction of travel and energy transfer

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33
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Light, water and s waves

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34
Q

What do longitudinal waves do?

A

The vibrations are along the same direction as the direction of travel and energy transfer.
They are parallel

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35
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves, p waves and waves in a stretched spring

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36
Q

Longitudinal waves show what?

A

Areas of compression and rarefraction.
Compression=spring close together
Rarefraction=spring far apart

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37
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

maximum vibration from its undisturbed position. (half the height of a wavelength,bigger it is the more energy)

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38
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave.

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39
Q

What is frequency of a wave?

A

It is the number of waves produced each second.

Number of waves that pass a certain point each second.

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40
Q

What is V in the speed equation?

A

Is the wave speed in metres per second

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41
Q

What is f in the speed equation?

A

Is the frequency in Hertz

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42
Q

What is lambda in the speed equation?

A

Is the wave length in meters

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43
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of sound and light waves when passing across two substances with different densities

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44
Q

What is diffraction?

A

Spreading out of waves as they pass an object or through a gap between objects

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45
Q

When does significant diffraction take place?

A

When the wavelength is of the same order of magnitude as the gap

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46
Q

What is redshift?

A

Increasing in wavelength of light as a galaxy moves away from us

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47
Q

Distant galaxies are moving away from us, and that the further away a galaxy is…?

A

The faster its moving

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48
Q

Microwaves are coming from every direction in space and this is called?

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

CMBR waves

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49
Q

The bigger the redshift?

A

faster galaxy is moving away from us

further galaxy is moving away from us

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50
Q

What is reflection?

A

Boncing back of waves off materials they cant easily pass through

51
Q

What is the ionosphere?

A

A charged layer in the atmosphere.

Microwaves can penetrate to communicate with satellites.

52
Q

The big bang theory?

A

The universe started at a very initial point and exploded

53
Q

Heat can be transferred by?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

54
Q

Dark matt surfaces are better at what?

A

Absorbing heat energy that light shiny surfaces

55
Q

What does radiation involve?

A

Electromagnetic waves

56
Q

Poor conduction of heat are called?

A

Insulators

57
Q

Metal atoms left behind are now what?

A

Charged metal ions

58
Q

The hotter the metal the…

A

more kinetic energy the vibrations have

59
Q

When does convection occur?

A

When particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gass move and take the place of particles with less heat energy

60
Q

Why do liquids and gasses expand when heated?

A

The particles move faster when heated, they take up more volume

61
Q

Liquid or gas is less dense in hot areas and compared to when to when they are in cold areas, this means?

A

It will rise into cold areas

62
Q

The hotter an object the more …

A

infrared radiation it emits

63
Q

What type of object radiates heat energy faster?

A

A thin flat object

64
Q

Heat is lost through?

A 
The roof
Windows
Walls
Floor
Gaps around the door
65
Q

Ways to reduce heat loss?

A

Fitting carpet
Curtains
Draught excluders

66
Q

The gap between two panes of glass is filled with what?

A

Air

67
Q

Heat loss through walls can be reduced by?

A

Cavity wall insulation

68
Q

What does cavity wall insulation reduce?

A

Air circulation inside the cavity.

Reducing heat loss by convection and conduction

69
Q

Types of energy?

A 
Magnetic
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Gravitational potential
Chemical
Sound
Electrical
Elastic potential
Nuclear
70
Q

Where is nuclear stored?

A

Nuclei of atoms

71
Q

The thicker the arrow in a sankey diagram…

A

The greater amount of energy

72
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be…

A

Transferred from one form to another

73
Q

What does the first transformer do?

A

Increases voltage

74
Q

What does the national grid reduce?

A

Energy loss during transmission

75
Q

One unit of electricity is equivalent to what?

A

One kilowatt used in one hour

76
Q

Why are power stations built?

A

To generate electricity

77
Q

The 1st step in a power station?

A

Fuel is burned to boil water to make steam

78
Q

The 2nd step in a power station?

A

Steam makes a turbine spin

79
Q

The 3rd step in a power station?

A

Spinning turbine turns on generator producing electricity

80
Q

The 4th step in a power station?

A

Electricity goes to the transformers to produce the correct voltage

81
Q

The energy needed to boil the water comes from where?

A

Fossil fuels

Nuclear fuels

82
Q

What natural renewable ways does the generator directly drive?

A

Wind and wave power

83
Q

What is a transformer?

A

Electrical device that changes the voltage of an alternating current

84
Q

Name the two transformers?

A

Step-up transformer

Step-down transformer

85
Q

Electricity is transferred from…

A

Power stations to consumers

86
Q

Some energy is lost through the wire as?

A

Heat

87
Q

The higher the current?

A

The more heat is lost

88
Q

To reduce heat loss what does the national grid do?

A

Transmits electricity at a low current, it needs a high voltage

89
Q

Power stations produce electricity at what?

A

25,000V

90
Q

Electricity is sent through the cables at what?

A

400,000V
275,000V
132,000V

91
Q

what do step-up transformers do?

A

Produce high voltages to transmit electricity

92
Q

What do step-down transformers do?

A

Used locally, to reduce voltage to safe levels

93
Q

House hold electricity is?

A

230V

94
Q

What is the equation to work out the cost of an electrical appliance?

A

Energy transferred(kWh) = power (kw) x time (h)

95
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil and natural gas

96
Q

How where fossil fuels formed?

A

By remains of living organisms

97
Q

What do fossil fuels release when burned?

A

Heat energy

98
Q

Fossil fuels are…

A

non-renewable

99
Q

Name 3 disadvantages for using fossil fuels?

A

Their supply is limited so they will eventually run out.
Release sulphur dioxide when burned
Release carbon dioxide

100
Q

Why is carbon dioxide bad for environment?

A

It adds to the green house effect.

Increases global warming

101
Q

What is carbon capture?

A

Prevents carbon dioxide building up in atmosphere

102
Q

What does carbon capture involve?

A

Separating carbon dioxide from waste gases

103
Q

Carbon dioxide is stored where in carbon capture?

A

Stored underground or under seas

104
Q

What are the main nuclear fuels?

A

Uranium and plutonium

105
Q

What do nuclear fission reactions release?

A

Heat energy

106
Q

Disadvantage to wind energy?

A

Wind farms are noisy.

If there is no wind electricity wont be made

107
Q

What is a tidal barrage?

A

A barrier built over a river estuary

108
Q

Name a power station which doesn’t take long to start up?

A

Gas-fired station

109
Q

Name a power station which takes a long time to start up?

A

Nuclear power station

110
Q

Optical fibres carry what?

A

Information coded in light or infrared signals

111
Q

What is an optical fibre?

A

Thin rod of high quality glass

112
Q

Computer data and telephone calls can be converted into what?

A

Electrical signals

113
Q

Light getting in at one end does what in an optical fibre?

A

Undergoes repeated total internal

114
Q

What are endoscopes?

A

Images from inside the body

115
Q

What speed do all electromagnetic waves travel at?

A

300,00 km/s

116
Q

Name the electromagnetic waves?

A 
Radio
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible 
Ultra violet
X-ray
Gamma
117
Q

Use of radio waves?

A

Communication

118
Q

Use of Micro waves?

A

Micro-waves

119
Q

Use of infra-red?

A

Remotes
Heat
Cooking

120
Q

Use of visible light?

A

Fibre optics

Endoscopes

121
Q

Use of ultra violet?

A

Forgery marking

Cancer

122
Q

Use of x rays?

A

Medical images

Cancer

123
Q

Use of gamma rays?

A

Radio therapy

Cancer

Physics (31 decks)

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