Car Design And Safety Flashcards

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1
Q

Brakes work against what?

A

Kinetic energy of the car.

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2
Q

What is done when you apply the brakes to slow down a car?

A

Work is done.

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3
Q

Breaks reduce what? by doing what?

A

Kinetic energy.

By transferring it into heat(and sound energy).

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4
Q

What cars make the use of energy?

A

New regenerative breaking systems used in electric or hybrid cars.

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5
Q

Regenerative brakes use the system that…

A

Drives the vehicle to do the majority of the breaking.

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6
Q

Rather then converting kinetic energy into heat energy what do regenerative brakes do?

A

Put vehicles motor in reverse.

Motor running backwards and wheels are slowed.

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7
Q

At the same time, the motor acts as an…

A

Electric generator, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy that is stored as chemical energy.

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8
Q

Where is the chemical energy stored?

A

Vehicles battery.

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9
Q

What is the advantage of regenerative brakes?

A

Store the energy of braking rather than wasting it.

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10
Q

Cars are designed to convert kinetic energy…

A

Safely in a crash.

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11
Q

If a car crashes it will ___ ____ very quickly.

A

Slow down.

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12
Q

When a car crashes what is converted?

A

A lot of kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy in a short space of time.

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13
Q

In a crash, there’ll be a big…

A

Change in momentum over a very short time.

People inside feel huge forces.

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14
Q

Cars often do what to lessen the force on the passengers?

A

Increase the time over which momentum changes happen.

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15
Q

What are crumple zones?

A

Front and back of the car.

Crumple up on impact.

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16
Q

The car’s kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy by what?

A

The car body as it changes shape.

17
Q

What do crumple zones increase?

A

The impact time, decreasing the force produced by the change in momentum.

18
Q

What are side impact bars ?

A

Strong metal tubes fitted into car door panels.

19
Q

What do side impact bars do?

A

Direct kinetic energy of the crash away from passengers.

20
Q

Where do side impact bars convert the kinetic energy to?

A

Other areas like crumple zones.

21
Q

What are seatbelts?

A

Stretch slightly.

22
Q

What do seat belts do?

A

Increase the time taken for wearer to stop.

Reduces forces in the chest.

23
Q

Where is the kinetic energy absorbed?

A

By seat belt stretching.

24
Q

What do air bags do?

A

Slow you down gradually.

Prevent you from hitting hard surfaces inside the car.

25
Q

Cars have different…

A

Power ratings.

26
Q

What determines how powerful a car is?

A

Size and design of cars engine.

27
Q

The more powerful an engine is…

A

More energy it transfers from its fuel every second, so the faster it top speed can be.

28
Q

What is the power output of a typical small car?

A

50 kW.

29
Q

What is the power output of a sports car?

A

100 kW.

30
Q

Cars also designed to be…

A

Aerodynamic.

31
Q

What do cars being aerodynamic mean?

A

They are shaped in a way that air flows very easily and smoothly past them.
Minimising air resistance.

32
Q

When do cars reach their top speed?

A

When resistive force equals the driving force provided by the engine.

33
Q

Less air resistance to overcome…

A

Car reaches higher speeds before it happens.

34
Q

Aerodynamic can have…

A

Higher top speeds.