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Summer Exams 2nd Form > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

How is sound made

A

Sound is made by vibrations or oscillations

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2
Q

Name some sources of vibrations

A

Some sources of vibrations are vocal chords, strings/instruments, trumpets (lips), oboe (reed)

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3
Q

What part of the ear vibrates?

A

Our eardrum vibrates

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4
Q

How does sound travel from a source to our ears?

A

Sound travels in compressions and rarefactions (longitudinal waves) which’s vibrates the air particles which travel to the ear and vibrate ear drum

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5
Q

Describe a experiement that shows sound travels in longitudinal waves

A

You turn a loudspeaker on at low frequency (vibrates few time per second) so you can easily see done vibrate though you will hear no sound. The candle flame should flicker left to right meaning it vibrate at the same direction the sound flows.

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6
Q

What caused the candle to do this?

A

The loudspeaker caused the air next to it to vibrate left & right , this eventually caused the air next to the flame to vibrate left and right. This vibrating air pushed and pulled on the flame itself

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7
Q

Describe the slinky demonstrations and why we use it

A

We use the slinky demonstration to show the compressions and rarefactions of a longitudinal wave on a slinky. The hand vibrates/ pushed and pulled on the slinky left and right. The compressions travelled to the right and the coils vibrated left to right in order to pass the vibration

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8
Q

Describe the bell jar demonstration and it’s aim

A

The bell jar demonstration aim is to find out wether sound can travel through a vacuum. When the glass chamber has air in it you can hear a sound. As the air particles got removed from the chamber the sound got quieter and when the air was completely removed there was no sound. This proves that there is no sound in space (can not hear you scream)

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9
Q

How do you measure the speed of sound

A

Measure with the trundle wheel a suitably large distance. The timer starts when you see two blocks of wood being hit together (or a gun being shot) , once you hear the sound stop the timer. Repeat two times. Do the speed equation to find out

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10
Q

What does Mach 1 mean?

A

Mach 1 one means the speed of sound (300 m per second)

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11
Q

What happens when Mach 1 is exceeded

A

When Mach 1 is exceeded the sound barrier is broken (sonic boom)

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12
Q

How do you create a audible echo?

A

You create a audible echo by having sound reflect off of something

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13
Q

How do you measure the speed of sound using echoes

A

D=s t/2

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14
Q

Name a use of echoes

A

You can use each ones to echolocate objects, some animals that use echolocation are bats, dolphins etc

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15
Q

What is reverberation

A

Reverberation is a echo which reverberates back to the original source

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16
Q

What does frequency mean

A

Frequency is the pitch, high pitch is a high frequency and a low frequency is low pitched (longer wave length)

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17
Q

What does amplitude mean

A

Amplitude means the loudness

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18
Q

How is frequency related to the pitch?

A

The higher the frequency the higher the pitch (and reversed)

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19
Q

What does a frequency of 1MHz mean

A

A frequency of 1MHz means 1000000 vibrations per second

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20
Q

What does a frequency of 1kHz mean

A

A frequency of 1kHz means 1000 vibrations per second

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21
Q

What is a sonar

A

A sonar is a ping (very short pulse of sound) is sent by a boat towards the sea floor. Etc

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22
Q

What is the force of gravity

A

The force of gravity is weight

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23
Q

What is the force between two opposite magnetic poles

A

the force between two opposite magnetic poles is attraction (north+south)

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24
Q

What is the force in a squashed stress ball

A

the force in a squashed stress ball is compression

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25
Q

What is the force on a aircraft wing

A

The force on a aircraft wing is lift

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26
Q

What is the force caused by liquids and gases that opposes the motion of bodies that move through them

A

the force caused by liquids and gases that opposes the motion of bodies that move through them is drag (air resistance)

27
Q

What is the force between two like magnetic poles

A

the force between two like magnetic poles is repulsion (north and north, south and south)

28
Q

What is the force in a stretched spring

A

the force in a stretched spring is tension

29
Q

What is the force between two surfaces that oppose motion

A

the force between two surfaces that oppose motion is friction

30
Q

What is the force of a engine

A

the force of a engine is thrust

31
Q

What is the unit for force

A

The unit for force is Newton’s

32
Q

What effect do balanced forces have on a stationary body?

A

If the forces are balanced they will have no effect on the body, it will stay stationary

33
Q

What effects do balanced forces have on a moving body?

A

If the forces are balanced there will be no effect and the body will continue moving

34
Q

What does resultant force mean.

A

Resultant force is if the forces are opposite (right, left) they will be taken away. If the forces are on the same side they are added

35
Q

What effect does a resultant force have on a stationary body

A

The resultant force will move the body in its direction

36
Q

What effect will the resultant force have on a moving body

A

The resultant force will continue moving the body in its direction

37
Q

What causes friction?

A

Friction is caused when surfaces are in contact which are either moving over each other or attempting to do so

38
Q

Name some examples of friction being useful

A

Some examples of friction being useful are trainors (without you will slip), sander (friction gets rid of bumpy bits), Matches (need friction to start fire/generate heat)

39
Q

Name some examples of friction being a nuisance

A

Some examples of friction being a nuisance are skiiing (slows you down), biking (slows down speed), gears (2 surfaces moving over each other will ware it away)

40
Q

State the factors affecting static friction

A

The factors affecting static friction are the heavier it is the more static friction, the lighter it is the less static friction

41
Q

What are the four factors affecting drag?

A

The four factors affecting drag are area, speed, viscosity, shape

42
Q

What are the 5 forces that change the shape of materials

A

the 5 forces that change the shape of materials are compression, tension, bending, torsion, shear

43
Q

What is the relationship between the tension force in a spring and it’s extension

A

the relationship between the tension force in a spring and it’s extension is the more force the more extension and the less force the less extension

44
Q

What are the names of the magnetic materials

A

the names of the magnetic materials are iron, cobalt, nickel, steel, neodymium, lodestones, godolinium, dysprosium, samarian

45
Q

What two metals are not magnetic

A

Copper and aluminium are not magnetic

46
Q

What are the types of poles

A

The poles are north and south

47
Q

What is the different between a magnet and a magnetic material

A

A magnet is a magnetic material with poles and a magnetic material is a magnetic material with no poles

48
Q

What do all magnets have

A

All magnets have 2 poles

49
Q

Where is magnetism strongest at?

A

Magnetism is strongest at the poles

50
Q

What are the laws of magnetism

A

The laws of magnetism are magnets can exert forces on other magnets, magnets exert forces on other unmagnetised magnetic materials, like poles repel, opposite poles attract, both poles will always attract unmagnetised materials

51
Q

How do you induce poles

A

You induce poles by bringing a piece of unmagnetised magnetic material and touches or is brought near to the pole of a permanent magnet, it becomes a magnet itself. The magnetism is induced.

52
Q

What is the test for magnetism

A

The test for magnetism is take a bae magnet and bring each North Pole close to the end of the rod. See wether it attracts or repels, if it attracts it is a magnet

53
Q

How do forces vary

A

Forces vary with distance from poles

54
Q

How do you investigate the variation of force with distance from poles

A

you investigate the variation of force with distance from poles by placing a compass on points, and draw a dot at the other end of the arrow and move the compass so that it points directly towards or away from the drawn dot. Repeat this until either the dots go off the sheet or curve back into the magnet. Join the dots with a smooth curve and repeat until a symmetrical pattern is seen

55
Q

What is a magnetic field

A

A magnetic field is a the space around a magnet where forces are felt

56
Q

How does a compass work

A

A compass is a bar magnet that is free to spin so that it lines up with magnetic fields

57
Q

How do you make a compass?

A

To make a compass you place a bar magnet on two watch glasses. The magnet should spin to the right direction.

58
Q

Does the earth have a magnetic field

A

Yes the earth does have a magnetic field

59
Q

How is the earths magnetic field created?

A

the earths magnetic field is created by electric currents which conduct from its core. The earths magnetic north changes everyday due to the the liquid metal surrounding the inner core whereas the true north doesn’t move

60
Q

Which way does a compass point?

A

A compass points to the true north

61
Q

How do you make permanent magnets?

A

You make a permanent magnet by taking a steel optical pin and tape it to the lab bench. Take a bar magnet and stroke the pin with the north end of a bar magnet many times ensuring you use a wide arc.
Check poles by placing a compass near each pin ensuring you use a working compass and blueback the needle to a cork and float it in water. Detach the pin from cork and cut pin in half with wire cutters, use a compass to test wether there are any poles where the pin was cut in two

62
Q

What is hard magnetism and give a example

A

Hard magnets also referred to as permanent magnets, are magnetic materials that retain their magnetism after being magnetised. A example is iron

63
Q

What is soft magnetism and give a example

A

Soft magnets are materials that are easily magnetised and demagnetised a example is aluminium

Summer Exams 2nd Form (10 decks)

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