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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Accuracy

A

The ability of a measurement device to match the actual value of the quantity being measured

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2
Q

Precision

A

The reproducibility of repeated measurements and a measure of their likely spread

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3
Q

Drift

A

A fixed deviation from the true value at all points in the measured range. Can be corrected by zeroing (improving accuracy)

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4
Q

Hysteresis

A

The phenomenon by which a measurement varies from the input value by different degrees on whether the input variable is increasing of decreasing in magnitude at that moment in time

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5
Q

Base SI Units

A

SMMACKK

Second (time)
Meter (distance)
Mole (amount)
Ampere (current)
Candela (luminous intensity)
Kilogram (mass)
Kelvin (temperature)
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6
Q

Second

A

S
Time
The duration of a given number of oscillations of the caesium-133 atom

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7
Q

Meter

A

M
Distance
The length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a certain fraction of a second (1/299792458)

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8
Q

Mole

A

Mol
Amount
The amount of a substance which contains as many elementary particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12 (6.022 x 10^23)

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9
Q

Ampere

A

A
Current
The current that produces a force of 2x10^-7 newtons per meter between 2 parallel wires of infinite length, 1m apart in a vacuum
1 ampere = equivalent charge to 6.24x10^18 electrons (1 coloumb) per second

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10
Q

Candela

A

CD
Luminous intensity
1cd is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540x10^12 Hz and has radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian

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11
Q

Kilogram

A

Kg
Mass
The mass of the international prototype of the kilogram held in Sevres, France
Only base SI unit with a SI prefix

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12
Q

Kelvin

A

K
Temperature
1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water

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13
Q

1 atmosphere

A 
101.3 kPa
1 bar
14.69psi
1020 cm H2O
30 inches of Hg
760mmHg
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14
Q

Absolute humidity

A

kg/m^-3

The mass of water vapour present in a particle sample of air at a given temperature

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15
Q

Relative humidity

A

The mass of water in a given volume of air, expressed as a % of the maximum mass of water that the air could hold at the given temperature
= the ratio of the water vapour pressure to the SVP

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16
Q

Boiling Point

A

The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding ambient pressure and the liquid changes to a vapour

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17
Q

Calorie

A 
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g of H20 by 1 K
1 calorie (little c) = 4.16 joule
Kcalorie = 1 large calorie (capital C) or 1000c or 4.16kJ
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18
Q

Coloumb

A 
C
Unit of charge
1 C = the amount of charge passing a given point per second, when 1 ampere of current is flowing
1 C = 1 A x 1 sec
1C = charge of 6.24 x 10^18
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19
Q

Critical temperature

A

The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone

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20
Q

Freezing point

A

The temperature at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composition are in equilibrium at a given pressure

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21
Q

Force

A

Newton
That which changes a body’s state of rest of motion
1N = the force required to accelerate a 1kg mass at a rate of 1m per second squared
Force is a vector - has both magnitude and direction
Force = mass X acceleration

22
Q

Heat Capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree
SI unit of heat capacity = joule per kelvin

23
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

Heat capacity X mass of body

24
Q

Hertz

A

Hz
Derived SI unit of frequency
1 Hz = 1 cycle per second

25
Joule
Derived SI unit of energy 1J = the work done to an object when applying of a force of 1 newton through a distance of 1m 1 J = 1 N x 1 m
26
Kinetic energy
The energy a body possesses because of it motion | The energy required to accelerate the object from a state of rest to its given velocity
27
Latent heat
The energy release or absorbed by a substance when it changes phase at a given temperature 'latent' because 'hidden' change in energy as there is no actual change in temperature during the phase shift
28
Latent heat of fusion
Amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in temperature
29
Latent heat of vaporisation
The amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid at its boiling point into a vapour without an increase in temperature
30
Mass
SI unit = kg amount of matter contained in a body Doesn't change with differing gravity
31
Momentum
Mass X Velocity
32
Newton
Derived unit of force | 1N = force required to accelerate a mass of 1kg by 1m/s/s
33
Ohm
Derived unit of electrical resistance 1 ohm is the resistance between 2 points of a conductor when constant potential difference of 1 volt applied between them produces a current of 1 ampere
34
Pascal
Pa | Force of 1N acting over 1m squared
35
pH
Negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution pH = -log10[H+]
36
Electrocution
``` 1-5mA = tingling sensation 5-10mA = pain 15mA = 'can't let go' threshold 50mA = respiratory arrest 100mA = VF ```
37
Class 1 electrical equipment
Accessible conductive parts (e.g. the case) are connected to earth by an earth wire which maintains the exposed metalwork at zero potential and provides a low resistance path for current to return to the local electricity substation in the event of a fault
38
Class 2 electrical equipment
Class II equipment is protected by double or reinforced insulation. There is minimal chance any person could come into contact with a faulty live component therefore an earth wire is not required.
39
Class 3 electrical equipment
Powered internally by a battery or SELV (safety extra low voltage) SELV = Voltage not greater than 25 V AC or 60 V DC; No earth connection (usually floating circuit); Low risk of accidental contact with higher voltage
40
Microshock
Microshock may occur when the skin is breached if unwanted or aberrant currents are delivered directly to the myocardium. In this case, by generating higher current densities near the myocardium currents as low as just 100 μA can cause dangerous dysrhythmias. Unlikely to occur
41
Type B Electrical Equipment
``` Logo = man Can be class 1, 2 or 3 Not suitable for direct connection to patient Max leakage current: - Type 1 = ```
42
Type BF Electrical Equipment
``` Logo = man in box Can be class 1, 2 or 3 Floating circuit so suitable for direct connection to patient Max leakage current: (same as type B) - Type 1 = ```
43
Type CF Electrical Equipment
``` Logo = heart in box Can be class 1, 2 or 3 High degree of protection of shock so suitable for direct cardiac connection Max leakage current: - NC = ```
44
Diathermy
High Frequency AC H (heating effect) = current squared x area Current density = current flowing per unit area Heating effect proportional to current density High frequency currents used to reduce dysrhythmias Monopolar = 100-200W Bipolar = 100W) Coagulation = interrupted current, lower freq (250-400KHz), high voltage (up to 9kV), lower power (
45
SVP
Saturated Vapour Pressure The pressure exerted by a vapour when in contact with and in equilibrium with its liquid phase within a closed system, at a set temperature. Affected by temperature ONLY, not affected by pressure Max SVP in open container at sea level is 1 atm
46
Colligative properties
Properties of a solution that depend on the number of particles dissolved in a solvent (depend on osmolality) Freezing point reduced (with increased solute) SVP reduced (reduced surface area) Boiling point increased Osmotic pressure increased
47
Scavenging pollutant levels
``` N20 = 100ppm Halothane = 10ppm Isoflurane = 50ppm Enflurane = 50ppm Sevoflurane = 20ppm Desflurane = no data 8 hour time weighted average ```
48
Clarke polarographic electrode
``` Oxygen measurement Ag/AgCl anode Platinum cathode KCl solution 0.6V applied ```
49
Galvanic fuel cell
``` Oxygen measurement Gold cathode Lead anode KOH solution Generates own voltage ```
50
Mass spectroscopy
Can measure all gases/volatiles | Can't differentiate same MW

Anaesthetics (7 decks)

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