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Physics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

quantity that involves both magnitude and direction

A

vector

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2
Q

qty that does not involve direction

A

scalar

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3
Q

are the mathematical tools for describing motion in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration

A

kinematics

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4
Q

location in a certain space

A

position

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5
Q

an object’s change in position

A

displacement

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6
Q

ratio of the total distance traveled to the time required to cover the distance

A

speed

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7
Q

rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference

A

velocity

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8
Q

rate of change of an object’s velocity

A

acceleration

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9
Q

two possible directions of motion

A

positive and negative

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10
Q

motion of objects in earth’s gravitational field

A

free fall

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11
Q

an object upon which the only force is gravity

A

projectile motion

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12
Q

philosphiae naturalis pirncipa mathematica

A

the mathematical principles of natural philosophy

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13
Q

what began the modern study of physics

A

principia

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14
Q

a push or a pull

A

force

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15
Q

an object will continue in its state of motion unless compelled to change by a force impressed upon it

A

inertia

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16
Q

when an unbalance forced does act on an object

A

acceleration

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17
Q

to every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction

A

interaction

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18
Q

is the gravitational force exerted on the object by earth

A

weight

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19
Q

a measure of the quantity of matter that comprises an object

A

mass

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20
Q

a component of the contact force that is perpendicular to the surface

A

normal force

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21
Q

when an object is in contact with a surface, the surface exerts a contact force on the object

A

contact force

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22
Q

component of the contact force that’s parallel to the surface

A

friction

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23
Q

results from the weak electrostatic bonds formed between the surfaces when the object is at rest

A

static friction

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24
Q

devices that change the direction of the tension force in the cords that slide over them

A

pulley

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25
Q

pulley that does not move

mounted

A

fixed pulley

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26
Q

can move because it is not mounted

A

movable pulley

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27
Q

at least one fixed and one movable pulley

A

compound pulley

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28
Q

ramp

A

inclined planes

29
Q

energy can be converted in form, but not created nor destroyed

A

law of conservation of energy

30
Q

agent of energy’s change

A

force

31
Q

measure of change of force

ability to do work

A

energy

32
Q

method of transferring energy from one system to another

A

work

33
Q

basic property of matter carried by some elementary particles that governs how the particles are affected by an electric or magnetic field

A

electric charge

34
Q

one of the most powerful forces in nature

A

electromagnetic force

35
Q

an electric property associated with each point in space when charge is present in any form

A

electric field

36
Q

flow of electric charge in a current

A

electric current

37
Q

what creates current

the pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons through a conducting loop

A

voltage

38
Q

path for transmitting electric current

A

electric circuits

39
Q

time rate of doing energy

rate at which work gets done

A

power

40
Q

three basic elements of a circuit

A

batteries, resistors, wires

41
Q

a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion

A

kinetic energy

42
Q

a system gains or loses kinetic energy by transferring it through work between the environment and the system

A

work-energy theorem

43
Q

independent of motion

arises from the object’s position

A

potential energy

44
Q

the sum of potential and kinetic energies

dissipated or converted into another energy forms such as heat

A

mechanical energy

45
Q

quantity of motion that an object has

product of mass and velocity

A

linear momentum

46
Q

product of force and time during which it acts

equal to change in linear momentum

A

impulse

47
Q

an impulse that is delivered on an object changes its momentum

A

impulse-momentum theory

48
Q

the momentum before equals the momentum after

A

conservation of linear momentum

49
Q

the sudden forceful coming together in direct contact of two bodies

A

collisions

50
Q

motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed

A

uniform circular motion

51
Q

any two objects in the universe exert an attractive force on each other called the gravitational force whose strength is proportional to the product of the object’s masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them as measured from center to center

A

newton’s law of gravitation

52
Q

allows for cars to travel around a curve at or below the posted speed limit, without relying on friction between the tires and the road

A

banking

53
Q

the motion of a rigid body which takes place in such a way that all of its particles move in circles about an axis with a common angular velocity

A

rotational motion

54
Q

is a position defined relative to an object or system of objects
it is the average position of all the parts of the system, weighted according to their masses

A

center of mass

55
Q

when the sum of the forces acting on an object is zero

A

equilibrium

56
Q

a disturbance transmitted by a medium from one point to another, without the medium itself being transported

A

waves

57
Q

perpendicular to the wave

A

transverse travelling waves

58
Q

parallel to the wave

A

longitudinal waves

59
Q

maximum vertical displacement above

A

crest

60
Q

maximum vertical displacement below

A

trough

61
Q

when to or more waves meet, the displacement at any point of the medium is equal to the algebraic sum of the displacement due to the individual waves

A

superposition waves

62
Q

combination of two waves moving in opposite directions each having the same amplitude and frequency

A

standing waves

63
Q

produced by the vibration of an object

A

sound waves

64
Q

how many hz are heard by the human ears

A

20-20,000 hz

65
Q

molecules of the medium are bunched together

A

compressions

66
Q

positions where the pressure is below normal

A

rarefractions

67
Q

when two soundwaves whose frequencies are close but not identical interfere, the resulting sound modulates in amplitude, becoming loud, then soft, then loud, then soft

A

beats

68
Q

number of beats per second

A

beat frequency

Biology (6 decks)

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