Earth Science

Question 1

the outermost a outermost and thinnest

layer of the Earth

Answer 1

crust

Question 2

the middle layer of the
Earth. It makes most of the Earth’s
volume and mass

Answer 2

mantle

Question 3

The
lithosphere is subdivided into
portions called

Answer 3

litospheric plates

Question 4

is the weak layer of
the mantle on which the
lithosphere floats

Answer 4

asthenosphere

Question 5

is made up made up of molten
material and accounts for the
Earth’s magnetic field

Answer 5

outer core

Question 6

the deepest layer of
the Earth.  It is made up of solid 
nickel and iron.  The temperature in 
the ... reaches as high as
5000oC

Answer 6

inner core

Question 7

who made the continental drift theory

Answer 7

alfred wegener

Question 8

believed to occur
as hot magma rises at the rift in the
mid-ocean ridge. This magma
cools down and becomes the new
seafloor as it pushes the former

Answer 8

seafloor spreading

Question 9

helps
explain the formation and
destruction of the Earth’s crust destruction of the Earth’s crust and
its movement over time

Answer 9

theory of plate tectonics

Question 10

the entire lithosphere of the Earth
is broken into numerous segments
called

Answer 10

plates

Question 11

mountains
formed in part by igneous activity
associated with subduction of oceanic
lithosphere beneath a continent

Answer 11

continental volcanic arc

Question 12

a boundary in which two plates move
toward each other, causing one of the
slabs of the lithosphere to subduct
beneath an overriding plate

Answer 12

convergent boundary

Question 13

the thick part of the

Earth’s crust, not located under the ocean

Answer 13

continental crust

Question 14

the thin part of the Earth’s

crust located under the oceans

Answer 14

oceanic crust

Question 15

a region where the

crustal plates are moving apart

Answer 15

divergent boundary

Question 16

vibration of Earth due to the

rapid release of energy

Answer 16

earthquake

Question 17

a break in a rock along which

movement has occurred

Answer 17

fault

Question 18

any break in rock in which no significant movement has taken place

Answer 18

fracture

Question 19

a concentration of heat in the

mantle capable of creating magma

Answer 19

Hot spot

Question 20

a mass of molten rock formed at
depth, including dissolved gases and
crystals

Answer 20

Magma

Question 21

a continuous mass of
land with long width and height on the
ocean floor

Answer 21

Mid-ocean ridge

Question 22

rigid sections of the lithosphere

that move as a unit

Answer 22

Plates

Question 23

a theory which suggests
that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that
interact in various ways, thus producing
earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and
other geologic features

Answer 23

Plate tectonics

Question 24

the first type of seismic

wave to be recorded in a seismic station

Answer 24

Primary (P) wave

Question 25

consolidated mixture of minerals

Answer 25

Rocks

Question 26

second type of
earthquake wave to be recorded in a
seismic station

Answer 26

Secondary (S) wave

Question 27

a record made by a

seismograph

Answer 27

Seismogram

Question 28

a device used to record

earthquake waves

Answer 28

Seismograph

Question 29

an event in which a slab of

rock thrusts into the mantle

Answer 29

Subduction

Question 30

a boundary
produced when two plates slide past each
other

Answer 30

Transform fault boundary

Question 31

a depression in the seafloor produced by subduction process

Answer 31

Trench

Question 32

a chain of volcanoes

that develop parallel to a trench

Answer 32

Volcanic Island arc

Question 33

current in the mantle
because of the heat from the inner layers
of the Earth, and is the force that drives
the plates to move around

Answer 33

Convection current

Question 34

the
boundary that separates the crust and the
mantle

Answer 34

Mohorovič ić Discontinuity (Moho)

Question 35

the ability of solid to flow

Answer 35

plasticity

Question 36

process by which

new ocean floor is formed near the midocean ridge and moves outward

Answer 36

Seafloor spreading

Question 37

the process in which the

crust plunges back into the Earth

Answer 37

Subduction

Question 38

ranch of geology that deals
with the movements that shape the
Earth’s crust

Answer 38

Tectonics

Question 39

Their tops are rounded, puffy, and a brilliant white when sunlit, while their bottoms are flat and relatively dark. develop on clear, sunny days when the sun heats the ground directly below (diurnal convection)

Answer 39

Cumulus clouds

Question 40

hang low in the sky as a flat, featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud. are seen on dreary, overcast days and are associated with light mist or drizzle

Answer 40

Stratus clouds

Question 41

are low, puffy, grayish or whitish clouds that occur in patches with blue sky visible in between. They form when there’s weak convection in the atmosphere. cloudy days

Answer 41

stratocumulus

Question 42

most common clouds in the middle atmosphere. You’ll recognize them as white or gray patches that dot the sky in large, rounded masses or clouds that are aligned in parallel bands. often spotted on warm and humid mornings, especially during summer. They can signal thunderstorms to come later in the day. You may also see them out ahead of cold fronts, in which case they signal the onset of cooler temperatures.

Answer 42

Altocumulus

Question 43

cover the sky in a dark gray layer. quintessential rain cloud. You’ll see them whenever steady rain or snow is falling (or is forecast to fall) over a widespread area.

Answer 43

Nimbostratus

Question 44

gray or bluish-gray sheets of cloud that partially or totally cover the sky at mid-levels. tend to form ahead of a warm or occluded front.

Answer 44

Altostratus

Question 45

Latin for “curl of hair”
thin, white, wispy strands of clouds that streak across the sky. made up of tiny ice crystals rather than water droplets. typically occur in fair weather.

Answer 45

Cirrus

Question 46

are small, white patches of clouds often arranged in rows that live at high altitudes and are made of ice crystals. “cloudlets,”

rare and relatively short-lived, but you’ll see them in winter or when it’s cold but fair.

Answer 46

Cirrocumulus

Question 47

transparent, whitish clouds that veil or cover nearly the entire sky. indicate that a large amount of moisture is present in the upper atmosphere.

Answer 47

Cirrostratus

Question 48

are one of the few clouds that span the low, middle, and high layers. are thunderstorm clouds, so if you see one you can be sure there’s a nearby threat of severe weather

Answer 48

Cumulonimbus

Question 49

are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material

Answer 49

Sedimentary rocks

Question 50

are rocks that have been changed from their original form by immense heat or pressure

Answer 50

Metamorphic rocks

Question 51

(derived from the Latin word for fire) are formed when molten hot material cools and solidifies.

Answer 51

Igneous rocks

Question 52

when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind or gravity

Answer 52

Erosion

Question 53

planar arrangement of structural or textural features in any rock type

Answer 53

Foliation