Evolutionary Bio

Question 1

natural selection

he studied the animals in the galapagos islands

Answer 1

charles darwin

Question 2

each species produces more offspring than can survive

fittest offsping survives

Answer 2

on the origin of species

Question 3

was the one who said that acquired traits were inherited and passed on to the offspring

Answer 3

john baptiste de lamarck

Question 4

use it or lose it

Answer 4

law of use and disuse

Question 5

study of fossils

Answer 5

paleontology

Question 6

study of the distribution of flora and fauna

Answer 6

biogeograpy

Question 7

study of the development of an organism

Answer 7

embryology

Question 8

study of the anatomy of various animals

Answer 8

comparative anatomy

Question 9

similar structure, different function

Answer 9

homologous structures

Question 10

similar function, different structure

Answer 10

analogous structures

Question 11

similarity at the molecular level

Answer 11

molecular biology

Question 12

differences in each person

no two individuals in a population have identical sets of alleles

Answer 12

genetic variability

Question 13

when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those in the other

Answer 13

directional selection

Question 14

organisms in a population w/ extreme traits are eliminated

Answer 14

stabilizing selection

Question 15

favors both the extremes and selects against common traits

Answer 15

disruptive selection

Question 16

group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and prodcue fertile offspring

Answer 16

species

Question 17

process by which two unrelated and dissimilar species come to have similar traits because they have been exposed to similar selective pressure

Answer 17

convergent evolution

Question 18

even with all the shuffling of genes, the relative frequencies of genotypes in a population still prevail over time

Answer 18

hardy-weinberg law

Question 19

any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival

Answer 19

homeostasis

Question 20

loops act to oppose the stimulus

Answer 20

negative feedback

Question 21

moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium

Answer 21

positive feedback

Question 22

when an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it forms a diploid cell called a zygote

Answer 22

morphogenesis

Question 23

early genes that turn certain cells into future this that

Answer 23

homeotic genes

Question 24

subset of homeotic genes

Answer 24

hox genes

Question 25

a programmed cell death

Answer 25

apoptosis

Question 26

groups of cells that perform the same function

Answer 26

tissue

Question 27

several tissues that come together to form specialized structures

Answer 27

organ

Question 28

several organs that come together

Answer 28

body system

Question 29

carry blood around the body carry waste away transport chemical signals

Answer 29

circulatory

Question 30

gas exchange system

Answer 30

respiratory

Question 31

break down food and sort nutrients

Answer 31

digestive

Question 32

mixing and breakdown

Answer 32

stomach

Question 33

absorption

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

makes enzymes

Answer 34

pancreas

Question 35

filter blood | reabsorbs thing the body wants to keep

Answer 35

excretory

Question 36

production of gametes

Answer 36

reproductive

Question 37

provide structure and protein

Answer 37

muscular and skeletal

Question 38

body's defense system

Answer 38

immune system

Question 39

disease carrying biological agents

Answer 39

pathogens

Question 40

prokaryotes that come in different shapes and sizes

Answer 40

bacteria

Question 41

special colony of bacteria inside us

Answer 41

gut bacteria

Question 42

nonliving agents capable of infecting cells

Answer 42

viruses

Question 43

collect and process information

Answer 43

nervous system

Question 44

where is the simplest nervous system found

Answer 44

hydra

Question 45

developed clumps of nerve cells

Answer 45

ganglia

Question 46

specialized cells in the brain functional unit in the nervous system sends and recieves neural impulses

Answer 46

neurons

Question 47

brain and the spinal cord

Answer 47

central nervous system

Question 48

are pre determined decisions that the spinal cord is set to execute

Answer 48

reflex arcs

Question 49

responsible for maintaining homeostasis | coordinating responses

Answer 49

endocrine system

Question 50

produced in endocrine glands | regulate growth, behavior and development

Answer 50

hormones

Question 51

increases level of glucose | produced by A cells

Answer 51

glucagon

Question 52

produced by B cells | lowers blood sugar

Answer 52

insulin

Question 53

released by ovaries | regulate menstrual cycle

Answer 53

estrogen and progesterone

Question 54

production of sperm | responsible for spermatogenesis

Answer 54

testosterone

Question 55

how organisms cope with their environments

Answer 55

behavior

Question 56

inborn, unlearned behavior

Answer 56

instincts

Question 57

process whereby a young animal follow the characteristics of his/her mother after hatching

Answer 57

imprinting

Question 58

behavioral mechanism in which a biologically potent stimulus is paired with a previously neutral stimulus

Answer 58

classical conditioning

Question 59

a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior

Answer 59

operant conditioning

Question 60

when an animal learns not to respond to stiimulus

Answer 60

habituation

Question 61

study of the interactions between living things and their envionment

Answer 61

ecology

Question 62

entire part of the earth hwere living things exist

Answer 62

biosphere

Question 63

interaction o living and non living things

Answer 63

ecosystem

Question 64

group of populations interacting in the same area

Answer 64

community

Question 65

a group of individuals that belong to the same species that interbreed

Answer 65

populatiion

Question 66

make their own food

Answer 66

producers/ autotrophs

Question 67

get their energy from things they consume

Answer 67

consumers/heterotrophs

Question 68

organisms that break down organic matter into simple products

Answer 68

decomposers

Question 69

predictable procession of plant communities over time

Answer 69

ecological succession

Question 70

process of ecological succession wherein no previous organisms have existed

Answer 70

primary succession

Question 71

hardy species that are first to colonize barren environments

Answer 71

the pioneers

Question 72

atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide

Answer 72

greenhouse effect

Question 73

when land is overgrazed by animals, grasslands turn into deserts

Answer 73

desertification