Chemistry

Question 1

horizontal rows

Answer 1

periods

Question 2

vertical columns

Answer 2

groups

Question 3

alkali metals

Answer 3

group 1/1a

Question 4

alkaline earth metals

Answer 4

group 2/2a

Question 5

transition metals

Answer 5

group b/3-12

Question 6

inner transition metals

rare earth elements

Answer 6

lanthanides and actinides

Question 7

atoms of an element with different number of neutrons

Answer 7

isotopes

Question 8

average of the mass numbers of all known isotopes weighted by their percent abundance

Answer 8

molar mass

Question 9

a technique to determine the mass of various isotopes

Answer 9

mass spectrometry

Question 10

avogadro’s number

Answer 10

6.02`

Question 11

one mole of gas always occupies…

Answer 11

22.4 liters

Question 12

expresses the concentration of a solution in terms of volume

Answer 12

molarity

Question 13

percent by mass of each element that makes up a compound

Answer 13

percent composition

Question 14

represents the simplest ratio of one element to another in a compound

Answer 14

empirical formula

Question 15

represents the actual formula for the substance

Answer 15

molecular formula

Question 16

what states that when building up the electron configuration of an atom, electrons are placed in orbitals, subshells, shells, etc

Answer 16

aufbau principle

Question 17

two electrons which share an orbital cannot have the same spin

Answer 17

pauli exclusion principle

Question 18

when an electron is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an empty orbital if one is available

Answer 18

hund’s rule

Question 19

amount of energy that an electron has depends on its distance from the nucleus of the atom

Answer 19

coulomb’s law

Question 20

experimnetal technique that measures the relative energies of electrons in atoms and molecules

Answer 20

photoelectron spectroscopy

Question 21

it is impossible to know both the position and momentum of an electron at a particular instant

Answer 21

heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Question 22

the approximate distance from the nucleus of an atom to its valence electrons

Answer 22

atomic radius

Question 23

positively charged ions

Answer 23

cations

Question 24

negatively charge ions

Answer 24

anions

Question 25

energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Answer 25

first ionization energy

Question 26

energy required to remove an electron from the next electron from the ion

Answer 26

second ionization energy

Question 27

refers to how strongly the nucleus of an atom attracts the electrons of other atoms in a bond

Answer 27

electronegativity

Question 28

the transferring or sharing of electrons

Answer 28

bonds

Question 29

occurs between metals and nonmetals | give up electrons

Answer 29

ionic bond

Question 30

two atoms share an electron

Answer 30

covalent bonds

Question 31

network solids are held together in a lattice of covalent bonds

Answer 31

network covalent bonds

Question 32

process which an impurity is added to an existing lattice

Answer 32

doping

Question 33

theory that states that kinetic energy of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Answer 33

kinetic molecular theory

Question 34

rate at which a gas will escape from a container through microscopic holes in the surface of the container

Answer 34

effusion

Question 35

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is just the sum of all the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mixture

Answer 35

dalton's law

Question 36

measure of mass per unit of volume

Answer 36

density

Question 37

elements + simple compounds = more complex compunds

Answer 37

synthesis reactions

Question 38

single compound is split into two or more elements or simple compounds

Answer 38

decomposition

Question 39

acid + base = water and a salt

Answer 39

acid-base reaction

Question 40

reaction that results in the change of the oxidation states

Answer 40

oxidation reduction reaction

Question 41

carbon + hydrogen (presence of oxygen) = co2 and h2o

Answer 41

hydrocarbon combustion

Question 42

two aquaeous solutions that mix and create an insoluble salt

Answer 42

precipitation

Question 43

used to determine which reactants are gaining or losing electrons

Answer 43

oxidations states

Question 44

energy flow between two substances at different temperatures

Answer 44

heat

Question 45

average amount of kinetic energy in a substance

Answer 45

temperature

Question 46

energy that must be put into a solid to melt it

Answer 46

heat of fusion

Question 47

energy that must be put into liquid to turn it into a gas

Answer 47

heat of vaporization

Question 48

measurement of heat changes during chemic reactions

Answer 48

calorimetry

Question 49

shows what happens to the temperature of a substance as heat is added

Answer 49

heating curve

Question 50

a number that expresses the relationship between the amounts of products and reactants present at equilibrium in a reversible chemical reaction at a give temp

Answer 50

equilibrium constant

Question 51

these never reach equilibrium | dissociates completely in water

Answer 51

strong acids

Question 52

small fraction of its molecules will dissociate in hydrogen ions and conjugate base ions

Answer 52

weak acids