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Radiologist Technologist > PHYSICS 101-1 Unit 2 Lesson 1 > Flashcards

PHYSICS 101-1 Unit 2 Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Electromagnetic Induction

A

Inducing an electromotive Force (emf/voltage) into a conductor as it cuts magnetic lines of Force

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2
Q

Magnetism

A

property of a magnet that permits it to attract other things magnetic

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3
Q

Magnetic Field

A

zone of influence surrounding a magnet

summation of the fields of all magnetic domains

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4
Q

Permeability

A

also known as magnetic susceptibility and it says how easily something can be magnetized

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5
Q

Magnetic Retentively

A

ability to stay magnetized

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6
Q

What are the types of magnets?

A

natural magnets
artificial permanent magnets
electromagnets

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7
Q

Natural Magnets

A

made by nature

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8
Q

what is the largest natural magnet ?

A

earth

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9
Q

What is an example of a natural magnet?

A

lordestone

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10
Q

What does lordestone consist of ?

A

iron oxide or magnetite

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11
Q

Artificial Permanent Magnets

A

usually shaped like a bar or horseshoe

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12
Q

Alnico

A

alloy of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt that can made into a strong magnet

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13
Q

Electromagnetics

A

temporary magnets made by electric current

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14
Q

What are the 3 fundamental laws of magnetism ?

A
  1. magnetic poles
  2. repulsion-attraction
  3. inverse square law
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15
Q

Magnetic Poles

A

magnets have a north and south pole on opposite ends and even when broken these qualities remain true

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16
Q

Repulsion-Attraction

A

repulsion- like ends repel

attraction- opposite ends attract

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17
Q

Inverse square law

A

force between two magnetic fields directly proportional to the product of magnetic pole strengths divided by the square of the distance between them.

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18
Q

If the distance between two bar magnets is halved, the magnetic force between the 2 bar magnets increase by _____the original strength.

A

4 times

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19
Q

Electron Spin

A

electrons spin on their axis while orbiting the nucleus

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20
Q

Magnetic fields are always made when an ______ ______ is in motion

A

electrical charge

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21
Q

Electrons tend to spin in ______

A

pairs

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22
Q

Theory of Magnetism

A

spinning electrons have a magnetic field.

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23
Q

If the electrons are unbalanced in an atom, there will be a ____ _____.

A

net field

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24
Q

Magnetic Domains

A

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned.

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25
Q

Atoms that have an ___ # electrons in any shell exhibit a small magnetic field.

26
Q

The small magnet made by the electron orbit is called the _____ ______ or atomic magnets

A

magnetic dipole

27
Q

When electrons are paired , the electrons will spin in opposite directions , causing the magnetic fields to _____ ____ each other.

A

cancel out

28
Q

What are the 4 classifications of magnetic material?

A

Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
non-magnetic
Diamagnetic

29
Q

Ferromagnetic Materials

A

“Simply Magnetic”
Includes Fe , Co , and Ni
Highly permeable
Highly susceptible to induction

30
Q

Paramagnetic Materials

A

Low permeability
Weak attraction to magnetic fields
Example: platinum and aluminum
MRI contrast agents are usually paramagnetic

31
Q

Nonmagnetic Materials

A

Not affected by magnetic fields and cannot be magnetized

Examples : Wood, glass, and rubber

32
Q

Diamagnetic Materials

A

Weakly repelled by either magnetic pole
Cannot be artificially magnetized
Are not attracted to a magnet

Examples : water and plastic

Beryllium , bismuth , and lead weakly repelled by all magnetic fields

33
Q

Electromagnetism

A

Refers to its relationships between electricity and magnetism

34
Q

Electromagnet

A

A current-carrying cool of wire wrapped around an iron core that intensified the induced magnetic field

35
Q

Conductor

A

Material that allows heat or electricity to flow

36
Q

Magnetic Field

A

The Force fields made when magnetic dipoles arrange to make a magnet. The movement of a charged particle makes a magnetic field perpendicular to the motion of the particle.

37
Q

The lines seen in a magnetic field are also called….

A

The lines of Force or flux

38
Q

A magnetic field always surrounds a __________ in which an electric current is flowing.

39
Q

A ______ ________ surrounds any stream of charges particles, whether in a metallic conductor or in space.

A

Magnetic field

40
Q

The ________ the current flow, the greater the restyling magnetic field.

41
Q

The pattern of the magnetic field surrounding is in the shape of a _________ ________ _________ ________.

A

Series of concentric cylinders

42
Q

“Right-Hand (Thumb) Rule” for a straight conductor:

The magnetic flux created around a current carrying conductor has a definite ______ and ________

A

direction and polarity

43
Q

“Right-Hand (Thumb) Rule” for a straight conductor:

When a conductor is grasped with the right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of _______ ______ , the fingers encircling the wire will indicate the direction of the ______ ______ ______ ______ around the current.

A

current flow , magnetic lines of force

44
Q

Solenoid

A

a helix coil where current is flowing; it uses the coil loops to make a strong magnetic field

45
Q

When a _________ is looped to make a coil, the magnetic fields from both sides join to _______ the magnetic field strength inside the loop.

A

conductor , double

46
Q

When current flows in a “helix” there’s a north and south pole on the ________. With the right hand rule we can predict the direction of the ______ _______ in the coil and what end is the ______ pole.

A

magnet , magnetic flux ,north

47
Q

If the coil is grabbed with the right hand where the fingers point in the direction of the ______ ______ , the extended thumb will point in the direction of the _______ pole.

A

current flow , north

48
Q

Faraday’s Law: 4 factors that determine _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ cut per second by the conductor.

or the ______ _______ _______ ________

A

number of lines of force

flux linkages per second

49
Q

Faraday’s Law

A
  1. speed of motion between lines of force and the conductor
  2. the strength of the magnetic field
  3. the angle between the conductor and the magnetic field
    * **closer to 90 degrees spaces between lines of force grow smaller, more flux lines cut, bigger EMF
  4. the induced EMF is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil
50
Q

What are the 2 types of induction?

A

mutual and self-induction

51
Q

Mutual Induction

A

current flow from a primary coil passes through a secondary coil

52
Q

Self-induction

A

occurs in direct current only
occurs continually in alternating current
using ferromagnetic coil would increase the self-inductance of the coil

53
Q

Lenz’s Law

A

induced current will flow in a direction that opposes the action that induces it

*north of magnet attracted to north of conductor

54
Q

Right Hand Rule for Induced electric current Direction

Hold the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand spread out.

Let the index finger point in the direction of the ______ _______, and the thumb point in the direction the conductor is __________. The middle finger will then point in the direction of the ________.

A

magnetic flux / field , moving , current

55
Q

Direction of Induced Electric Current

A

depends on the relationship between the motion of the conductor and the magnetic field

56
Q

To induce a current with the use of a magnetic field , the field cant be ______, but must be changing.
-says Faraday

57
Q

review the picture for faradays law right before test

58
Q

what are the 3 ways to create motion between the lines of force and the conductor?

A
  1. move the conductor through a stationary, unchanging field
  2. move magnetic lines of force through a stationary conductor with an unchanging strength magnetic field
  3. vary the magnetic flux-strength from a stationary magnet through a stationary conductor. as the flux strength varies the lines of force expand and contract to cause motion for current
59
Q

If all the magnetic domains in an object are _________ , it acts like a magnet.

60
Q

A solenoid is basically the loops around a conductor and when this is iron what happens with the magnetic field ?

A

It gets strong af

Radiologist Technologist (8 decks)

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