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Radiologist Technologist > PHYSICS 101-1 Unit 1 Lesson 4,5,6 > Flashcards

PHYSICS 101-1 Unit 1 Lesson 4,5,6 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass, occupies space, and has inertia

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2
Q

There are ____ distinct atoms (known to humans) ____ kinds of atoms occur naturally, other types of atoms (_______) occur through laboratory production.

A

117 , 92 , elements

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3
Q

Atoms

A

Everything is made of ageless atoms that have been recycled through various forms throughout time.

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4
Q

Molecules

A

can be defined as simple or complex and consist of a combination of 2 or more atoms

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5
Q

Substance

A

material that has a definite and constant composition

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6
Q

Element

A

a substance made of atoms with the same atomic # and chemical properties.

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7
Q

A element/substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances by _______ means.

A

chemical

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8
Q

Give an example of a solid, liquid, and gas that constitute a single element.

A

solid: gold
liquid: mercury
gas: neon

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9
Q

Compound

A

2 or more different elements chemically bonded in a set proportion by mass

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10
Q

Mixtures

A

substances that mix together without combining chemically

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11
Q

What is the most common mixture?

A

air where N , O2 , CO2, etc are mixed

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12
Q

Energy

A

ability to do work

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13
Q

What is the SI units for energy?

A

joules (J)

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14
Q

What are the 2 main types of energy?

A

mechanical and chemical

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15
Q

What are the types of mechanical energy?

A

kinetic and potential

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16
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

the energy of motion that gives reason for every moving body to do work

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17
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy of a fixed position

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18
Q

Chemical Energy

A

refers to the energy released during a chemical reaction

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19
Q

What are the types of chemical energy?

A

heat (thermal energy)
electrical
nuclear
electromagnetic

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20
Q

Heat Energy

A

(thermal energy)

involves atoms and molecules where the atoms get heated

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21
Q

Electrical Energy

A

made from the movement of electrons charges

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22
Q

Nuclear Energy

A

stored in the nucleus of each atom and holds the particles in a tight bond

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23
Q

Electromagnetic Energy

A

energy that comes from electric and magnetic disturbances in space.

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24
Q

What is an example of electromagnetic energy?

A

x-rays

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25
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass (name 3 facts)

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy can be transformed
Energy in the universe is constant

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26
Q

Bohr Model

A

a simple image of an atom that depicts its structure

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27
Q

What are the fundamental particles that make up the atom?

A

electron , proton , and neutron

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28
Q

What are the names for the valance electron shells?

A 
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
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29
Q

What is the formula used to determine the max number of electrons per shell?

A 
K = 2(1)^2
L= 2(2)^2
M=2(3)^2
O=2(4)^2
P=2(5)^2
Q=2(6)^2
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30
Q

Electron (3 valid points)

A

one unit of negative charge
mass of 9.11 x 10^-31
revolves around the nucleus in fixed orbits

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31
Q

Proton (4 valid points)

A

one unit of positive charge
mass of 1.673 x 10^-27
inside the nucleus
atomic # from the periodic table = proton #

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32
Q

Neutron (3 valid points)

A

no electric charge
mass of 1.675 x 10^-27
inside the nucleus

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33
Q

What is the smallest/lightest between electrons, protons, and neutrons?

A

electrons !!!

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34
Q

Nucleus

A

center of the atom

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35
Q

Nucleons

A

particles in the nucleus

36
Q

The # of electrons is _____ to the # of protons in the nucleus of a neutral atom.

A

equal

37
Q

Atomic Weight

A

all the mass of C-12 isotope

38
Q

Atomic Number =

A

proton number

39
Q

Atomic Number

A

determines the identity of an element to make it unique from the other elements

40
Q

Nucleus Formula

A

A = Z + N

41
Q

A

A

atomic mass number

42
Q

Z

A

proton number and atomic number

43
Q

N

A

neutron number

44
Q

Electron Binding Energy

A

the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom

45
Q

The _____ an electron to the nucleus , the greater the electron binding energy drawing it to the nucleus.

A

closer

46
Q

Electron binding energy is strongest at the ____-shell

A

K

47
Q

K-shell electrons have ______ binding energies than L-shell electrons, L-shell electrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus than ___-shell.

A

higher , M-Q

48
Q

What is the abbreviation for the electron binding energy?

A

E

b

49
Q

The _____ the total number of electrons in an atom, the more tightly each is bound.

A

greater

50
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A

1/12 of the C-12 isotope

51
Q

Atomic Weight is also known as

A

elemental mass

52
Q

simple molecule

A

simple two atom combinations like O2 or N2

53
Q

complex molecule

A

millions of atom combinations like DNA

54
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

process where atoms rearrange to make different molecules.

55
Q

What are the 3 states of matter ?

A

solids, liquids, and gases

56
Q

The degree of ______ between atoms or molecules determine its state of solid, liquid, or gas.

A

attraction

57
Q

In all 3 states, atoms are perpetually _____.

A

moving

58
Q

To go from solid to liquid to gas there is a/an _____ of energy.

A

addition

59
Q

When going from solid to liquid to gas there is a/an ______ in movement/vibration of the atoms.

A

increase

60
Q

Solid

A

atoms and molecules vibrate about fixed positions

61
Q

Liquid

A

molecules are free to move and are not fixed so they can take the shape of its holder

62
Q

Gases

A

molecules may break away from each other

63
Q

Periodic Table

A

the arrangement of elements from the lowest atomic weight / atomic number to the highest

64
Q

Vertical Columns of the Periodic Table

A

called families or groups

gives the number of electrons in the outter most shell of the atom (valence electron)

65
Q

Horizontal Columns of the Periodic Table

A

called periods or series

gives the number of shells within the atom

66
Q

Transitional Elements

A

any element in the “d-block” of the periodic table

67
Q

What groups of the periodic table represent the transitional elements?

A

3-12

68
Q

The transitional elements represent an ______ of the orderly scheme of atomic progression from smallest to largest atom.

A

interruption

these elements fall in-between groups 2 and 3 of the periodic table

69
Q

In the case of transitional elements, electrons are often added in the _____ shells.

A

inner

70
Q

Chemical properties of transitional elements depend on the number of electrons in the ___ outermost electron shells.

A

2

71
Q

Valence Electrons

A

number of electrons in the outter most electron shell

72
Q

Valence

A

the ability/process of an atom to mix with other atoms

73
Q

Chemical Activity

A

the interaction of atoms based on valence electrons

74
Q

_________ are responsible for all chemical and electrical activities of elements

A

valence electrons

75
Q

Rule of Octet is also known as the _______ principle

A

Bury-Bohr

76
Q

Rule of Octet

A

says that no outer shell can have more than 8 electrons

77
Q

Chemically unstable atoms

A

atoms with less than 8 valence electrons

78
Q

Ions

A

atoms that have a positive or negative charge

79
Q

What is the valence of group 8 on the periodic table?

A

0

80
Q

What is the valence of group 4 on the periodic table?

A

+ or - 4

81
Q

What is the valence of group 1 on the periodic table?

A

+ 1

82
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical bonds ?

A

ionic and covalent

83
Q

Chemical bond

A

the way in which elements link together through each others valence electrons

84
Q

Ionic / Electrovalent bond

A

made by an electrostatic attraction with positive and negative elements

85
Q

Covalent bonds

A

bonding of 2 or more elements when ions or electronegativity aren’t a factor. Sharing of outer shell electrons.

86
Q

A positive valance wants to ____ electrons

A

give

87
Q

A negative valance wants to ______ electrons

A

take

Radiologist Technologist (8 decks)

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