Physical Sciences 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

which steps of ornithine occur in the mitochondria

A

Where process begins

Ammonia + CO2 –> carbamoyl phosphate
Carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine –> citrulline

carbamoyl phosphate and citrulline

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2
Q

what do cells do with ammonia?

A

we get ammonia when we use proteins for energy

ammonia is toxic, so cells convert it to urea

urea can be tolerated to maintain blood osmolarity

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3
Q

Peptide bonds cost (a lot/a little) energy and we get (a lot/ a little) energy back from breaking them

A

Peptide bonds are very energy expensive to make and not a lot of energy is gotten back from it

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4
Q

how many P bonds for one peptide linkage?

A

4 high energy peptide bonds for 1 linkage

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5
Q

how many calories are stored in a peptide bond?

A

500-5000

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6
Q

what is the rate limiting factor in energy metabolism?

A

ADP

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7
Q

Factors that influence metabolic rate

A
arousal v. sleep 
skeletal muscle 
age 
thyroid activity 
testosterone 
growth hormone 
fever 
sleep 
malnutrition
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8
Q

what is one of the best known stimuli for increasing rate of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

cold

this is due to thyroxin

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9
Q

what is result of ornithine cycle in cytoplasm?

A

we end up with fumarate and arginine

arginine is what is converted to urea and ornithine

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10
Q

what happens to fumarate?

A

enters citric acid cycle

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11
Q

defects in thyroid and impact on metabolic rate

A

hypothyroidism = weight gain, lethargy

hyperthyroidism = high energy, increase in metabolic weight

these are due to thyroxine

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