physical processes

Question 3

What significant physical processes have shaped the UK’s landscapes over millions of years?

Answer 3

Glacial erosion and deposition, weathering, climatic effects, post-glacial river and slope activities

These processes contribute to the formation of unique upland and lowland landscapes.

Question 4

What notable upland area in the UK was formed due to tectonic activity?

Answer 4

Lake District

This area was created by the convergence of tectonic plates.

Question 5

What is the scale of the OS map extract for the Lake District?

Answer 5

1:25,000

This indicates a detailed representation of the area.

Question 6

How was Stickle Tarn formed?

Answer 6

By a glacier during the Ice Age, sculpting a corrie

This is an example of glacial erosion.

Question 7

What geological feature is created at the base of cliffs due to weathering?

Answer 7

Scree slopes

These slopes are formed from rock fragments breaking off and tumbling down.

Question 8

What climatic condition leads to considerable surface drainage in the region?

Answer 8

High precipitation

This occurs over impermeable rocks, resulting in numerous streams.

Question 9

What shape characterizes a U-shaped valley formed by glacial activity?

Answer 9

Wide valley floor and steep sides

This shape indicates significant erosion by glaciers.

Question 10

Which lowland area in the UK has been shaped by the River Lugg and the River Wye?

Answer 10

Herefordshire

This area is characterized by its lowland landscape.

Question 11

What is the scale of the OS map extract for Herefordshire?

Answer 11

1:50,000

This scale provides a broader view of the area.

Question 12

What geological process occurs as rivers meander through low hills?

Answer 12

River erosion

This process creates and deepens broad valleys.

Question 13

What happens during river flooding after extended heavy rainfall?

Answer 13

Water spreads across the valley floor, depositing silt

This forms a vast, flat floodplain.

Question 14

Describe the formation of Bowerman’s Nose.

Answer 14

Emergence from a dome of magma, cooling into granite, chemical weathering, freeze-thaw weathering, and erosion

This illustrates the interplay of several physical processes.

Question 15

What is a batholith?

Answer 15

A dome of magma that develops underground

This refers to the geological formation process leading to granite.

Question 16

What type of weathering causes granite joints to expand?

Answer 16

Chemical weathering

This process contributes to the exposure of granite on the surface.

Question 17

What role does freeze-thaw weathering play in granite landscapes?

Answer 17

Facilitates further breakdown of granite

This is a crucial process in the erosion of granite.