physical human evolving landscapes - paper 2 Flashcards
Population Density
The average number of people living in a square mile or square kilometer
Multiplier Effect
People or business move into an area, invest money on housing and services, which in turn creates more jobs and attracts more people.
Explain
Give reasons why
Describe
Tell me about
Urban Core
Most densely populated area of the uk. these are economic core regions of a country, e.g. London in the south east. people migrate to live and work there for the high potential incomes found here.
Rural Periphery
Areas away from the urban core. These areas have a low population density, older populations, lower incomes, high transport costs and an out-migration of younger people. Allerdale in the Lake District in Cumbria, NW England is an example.
Affluent
Higher income people
Low Population Density
This means that an area is rural with few people living per sq KM
Enterprise Zones
These are places where the UK government offers companies help with start up costs, reduced taxes on profits and access to super fast broadband
Globalisation
The ways in which countries become increasingly connected to each other through economic interdependence, trade, technology, international flows of investment, outsourcing and culture
Multicultural
Different ethnic groups live there
Ageing Population
This means that there is a high proportion of people living in a place of an elderly age
Depopulation
The decline of total population of an area
Suburbanisation
The movement of people from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs
Decentralisation
Shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD to new areas
Retail parks
These are out of town shopping parks. They are built out of towns and near major roads. E.G. the Meadows.
Business parks
Areas for employment built outside of towns and cities and close to major roads
E – commerce
Where you buy goods online
Counter-urbanisation
Where people leave towns and cities to live in the countryside
Re–urbanisation
Where people who used to live in the city and then moved out to the country or to a suburb, move back to live in the city
Brownfield sites
An area of disused and derelict land, normally located in urban areas that is available for redevelopment
Gentrification
High income earners move into rundown areas to be closer to their workplace, often resulting in the rehabilitation and regeneration of the area to conform with middle-class lifestyles
Studentification
Communities benefit from local universities which provide employment opportunities and a large student population which can regenerate pubs, shops and buy to let properties
Rebranded
To give a place a new brand and get rid of the old one E.G. the dome became the O2 Arena
Sustainable living
Where a resource use meets human needs while preserving the environment for present generations, but also for generations to come
Quaternary sector
Knowledge based jobs which normally include the use of technology
E.G. financial banking
Teleworking
When a company is not tied to any location. These are companies based in the new economy
Footloose
These are companies or industries that are not tied to one location and are found in the new economy
New economy
The growth in the tertiary sector since the 1980s
Free trade
The free flow of goods and services without tariffs
Privatisation
The change of ownership of services such as rubbish collection from the government (public sector) to the private sector, a company
TNCs
Transnational corporation – a business that has offices or factories in two or more countries
Infrastructure
Roads, railways, bridges, airports
Connectivity
How easy it is to travel or connect with other places
Cultural diversity
This means that a place has a wide range of cultural connections
CBD
Central business district – the centre of a town or city where you would mostly find shops and offices
Urban – rural fringe
Where a town or city meets the countryside
Migrants
People who move from one place to another inside a country
Ethnic segregation
Where people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group
Multiple deprivation index
The government complies census data on incomes, housing, health and services. It helps to assess in which areas a community is deprived or poor
Deindustrialisation
Decreases activity in manufacturing and closure of industries, leading to unemployment 
median
Order the data and then find the middle value. This divides the data into 2 halves
Mode
The number that appears the most frequently in the data set
Range
The difference between the highest and lowest value
Quartiles
Dividing a list of numbers onto four equal groups – two above and two below the median
Quality of life
The overall well-being and happiness of a person this is determined by a large number of factors such as standard of living (how much you earn), access to healthcare, access to education, access to services, crime rate in an area, access to entertainment
Affordable housing
Cheaper housing that low income groups can afford to live in
Green space
Open space such as parks
Energy efficiency
Using less energy to perform the same task to produce the same result
Waste
Rubbish that is just thrown away, which could alternatively be recycled or reused
Accessibility
How easy something is to get to such as a place or in relation to being able to use services such as your GP
Dormitory town/village
Settlements in the rural – urban fringe where people live and leave each morning to commute to work in nearby towns or cities
Deprived area
An area that lacks wealth or services. It usually means a low standard of living for the people that live there
Diversification
When farms try to find other ways of earning money other than we just farming. Examples include opening a farm shop such as in Cornwall
Primary data
Fieldwork that you collect yourself
Secondary data
Data that has been collected by someone else
Quantitive data
This is about collecting numerical data
Qualitative data
These are non-numerical pieces of evidence collected, such as field sketches and photographs
Mean
The average of values in data. Add them all together and divided by the total amount of data
The U.K.’s core region case study is…
London, Southeast England