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AUBF LEC > PHYSICAL EXAMINATION > Flashcards

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE
• Includes the determination of urine…

A

color, clarity, and specific
gravity

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2
Q

•: not part of routine urinalysis but is a noticeable property

A

Odor

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3
Q

•: not part of routine urinalysis and should not be done

A

Taste

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4
Q

• Already performed by early physicians
• Provides preliminary information on disorders

A

Physical exam

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5
Q

• Can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical
and microscopic areas of urinalysis

A

Physical exam

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6
Q

• Varies from almost colorless to black
• May be due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity,
ingestion of food or drugs, or pathologic conditions

A

URINE COLOR

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7
Q

URINE COLOR
• Early physicians used a ‘______’
• Used glass flasks called ‘_____’ to
view urine samples

• Terms used before: ‘white as well
water’, ‘ruddy as pure intense gold’,
‘black as dark horn’

A

wheel of urine

matula

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8
Q

NORMAL URINE COLOR
• Common descriptions:

A

pale yellow
yellow
dark yellow

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9
Q

• Gives a rough estimate of urine concentration

A

Urochrome

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10
Q

: pigment responsible for the yellow color of urine

• Dependent on body’s metabolic state

A

Urochrome

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11
Q

Urochrome

• Product of______; produced at a constant rate

A

endogenous metabolism

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12
Q

•: pink color in refrigerated specimens

A

Uroerythrin

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13
Q

•: orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

Urobilin

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14
Q

• Dilute random specimen
• Recent fluid consumption

A

COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW

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15
Q

• Increased 24-hour volume and low SG

A

Polyuria in diabetes insipidus

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16
Q

• Increased 24-hour volume, high SG, and positive glucose test result

A

Polyuria in diabetes mellitus

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17
Q

• Dehydration

A

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

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18
Q

• Intake of B complex vitamins

A

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

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19
Q

• Concentrated specimen

A

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

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20
Q

•: urinary antiseptic

• Negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence

A

Acriflavine

21
Q

• Nitrofurantoin

A

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

22
Q

DARK YELLOW

• Yellow foam when shaken and positive chemical test for.…

23
Q

• Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
• Phenindione

A

ORANGE YELLOW

24
Q

•
• Anticoagulant (rarely used), orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine

A

Phenindione

25
Q

• Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

A

DARK YELLOW GREEN

26
Q

• Colored foam in acidic urine and false-negative chemical test
for bilirubin

A

DARK YELLOW GREEN

27
Q

• Pseudomonas infection
• Positive urine culture

28
Q

: antidepressant

A

Amitriptyline

BG

29
Q

• muscle relaxant

A

Methocarbamol (Robaxin):

(may be green-
brown)

30
Q

• Clorets
• Methylene blue: used in fistulas

31
Q

: bacterial infections, intestinal disorders
• Blue diaper syndrome

A

• Phenol

BG

32
Q

•: when oxidized (people exposed to benzene)
• Indican

33
Q

• Intestinal bacteria break down
tryptophan resulting to increased
amounts of indican

A

BLUE DIAPER SYNDROME

34
Q

• A rare, genetic metabolic disorder
characterized by the incomplete intestinal breakdown of tryptophan

A

BLUE DIAPER SYNDROME

35
Q

PINK

A

• Hemoglobin
• Red blood cells

36
Q

• Blood in urine from urinary tract or from menstrual contamination

37
Q

• Most common abnormal urine color

38
Q

RED

•_____
• Cloudy urine, positive chemical test for blood, seen under the microscope
•_____
• Clear urine, positive chemical test for blood; intravascular hemolysis
•_____
• Clear urine, positive chemical test for blood; muscle damage

A

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

40
Q

• Beets: alkaline urine of genetically susceptible persons

41
Q

• Rifampin: TB drug

42
Q

• Menstrual contamination

43
Q

• Porphyrins

• Negative test for blood, may require additional testing

44
Q

• Seen in acidic urine after standing; positive chemical test for
blood
• Myoglobin
• Rifampin

45
Q

• RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin

46
Q

: presence of melanin oxidized
from melanogen
• Urine darkens on standing and reacts with nitroprusside and
ferric chloride

A

BROWN/BLACK

• Malignant melanoma

47
Q

• Alkaline urine turns black after standing

A

BROWN/BLACK
• Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)

48
Q

BROWN/BLACK

Medications

A

• Phenol derivatives
• Argyrol
• Methyldopa or levodopa
• Metronidazole (Flagyl)

AUBF LEC (8 decks)

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