PHYSICAL: Coastal landscapes and processes

Question 1

Mechanical weathering- FREEZE THAW

Answer 1

When water freezes it expands by 10% causing the break down of rock

Question 2

Chemical weathering- ACID RAIN

Answer 2

Rainwater is slightly acidic. when rain falls on rock a weak chemical reaction takes place causing the rock to weaken and breakdown

Question 3

Biological weathering

Answer 3

roots of growing plants can widen cracks in rocks causing them to breakdown

Question 4

Define mass movement

Answer 4

The downhill movement of material due to gravity

Question 5

Mass movement- SLIDING

Answer 5

Material moves along a surface usally beddding plane. large amounts of rock move downsslope

Question 6

Mass movements- SLUMPING

Answer 6

Rain seeps through permeable rock. at the junction with an imperable rock, the saturated soil and weaker rock slumps in a rotational manner along a curved surface

Question 7

Mass movements- ROCK FALLS

Answer 7

Pieces of rock from an eroded cliff fall, usually occurs when a base of a cliff eroded leading to rocks above being unsupported

Question 8

Erosion- ABRASION

Answer 8

When fragments of rock are picked up by the waves and thrown against cliff face causing pieces of rock to fall off

Question 9

Erosion- ATTRITION

Answer 9

Rocks and pebbles carried by waves are reduced in size when they collide against each other and the cliff face.

Question 10

Erosion- HYDRAULIC ACTION

Answer 10

When waves crash against the cliff and weight of water causes the breakdown of rock. air is also compressed into cracks causing pressure to build up and break down rocks

Question 11

Erosion- SOLUTION

Answer 11

Chemical reaction on rocks by seawater

• chalk
• limestone

Question 12

Transport- TRACTION

Answer 12

Large boulders ROLLED along the seabed by waves

Question 13

Transport- SALTATION

Answer 13

Smaller stones are BOUNCED along the seabed

Question 14

Transport- SUSPENSION

Answer 14

Sand and small particles are CARRIED along in the flow

Question 15

Transport- SOLUTION

Answer 15

Some minerals DISSOLVED in the seawater and are carried along the flow

Question 16

Process of longshore drift

Answer 16

1) sediment created from erosion of the cliffs
2) action of the swash moves in at 45 degrees
3) this is in the direction of the prevailing wind
4) the action of the backwash will bring the sediment back down at 90 degrees due to gravity
5) as waves hit the beach this zigzag process continues

Question 17

Define deposition

Answer 17

deposition occurs when there isnt enough energy to carry eroded material any futhur

Question 18

What is a CONCORDANT coast

Answer 18

A coastline where bands of alternate geology run parallel to the coast

Question 19

What is a DISCORDANT coast?

Answer 19

Coastline where bands of alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore

Question 20

What are IGNEOUS rocks?

Answer 20

Rock that has formed from volcanic activity often cooled from magma on the earths surface

Question 21

What are METAMORPHIC rocks?

Answer 21

Rock formed under intense pressure and heat, often close to tectonic plate boundaries

Question 22

What are SEDIMENTARY rocks?

Answer 22

Formed from the broken remains of sediment and other rocks that have been compressed and cemented together over thousands of years