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Geography > HUMAN changing UK cities- birmingham > Flashcards

HUMAN changing UK cities- birmingham Flashcards

1
Q

What is a CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT?

A

main hub of economic activity

eg brum grand central and bull ring

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2
Q

What is the INNER CITY?

A

characterised by terraced housing for factory workers. Some parts were re developed into high rise blocks of flats in 1970s

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3
Q

What is the SUBURBS?

A

Building density much lower. Detached/ semi detached housing built in 1930s and 1960s. Usually occupied by families and elderly residents who can afford larger homes

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4
Q

What is the URBAN RURAL FRINGE?

A

Fewer, larger, more recenlty built homes. Often detached. Cheaper land. Develpoment on greenbelt land. Out of town retail centres also sited here

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5
Q

URBANISATION

A

increased proportion of people living in built areas

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6
Q

What is SUBURBANISATION?

A

large movement of people to the periphery of cities creating larger urban conurbations
eg Edgebaston

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7
Q

What is COUNTER URBANISATION?

A

the movement of people from urban to rural areas

eg redditch

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8
Q

What is REURBNAISATION?

A

people move back to the centre of urban areas

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9
Q

Birminghams connectivity

A

Birmingham international airport, New street train station, M5, M6, M42, national links to west midlands

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10
Q

Birmingham environmental factors

A

571 parks covering 3500 ha and is the 15th sustainable city in the uk

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11
Q

Impacts of migration

A

Housing- risen by 5000
Age- 66% population of brum under 45
Multicultralism- 42% of residents from ethinic groups other than white
Services- pressure on doctors, schools and language barriers

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12
Q

What is DEINDUSTRAILISATION?

A

a decrease in the size of the manufacturing sector

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13
Q

Causes of DEINDUSTRIALISATION

A

Development of transport- factories move abroad
Technological advances- improved communication so businesses can operate all over the world
Globalisation- greater competition from abroad, increased connectivity with other countries
De-centralisation- movement of people to outskirts

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14
Q

SOCIAL and ECONOMIC impacts of DEINDUSTRALISATION

A

> unemployment 5900 jobs lost at longbridge (sw birmingham) site and 65000 in supply chain
lower family incomes
de population
anti social behaviour

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15
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL impacts of deindustrialisation

A

> brownfield sites (an area of land that has been built upon previously and can be regenerated for new constructions)
contaminated land

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16
Q

Why levels of urbanisation vary in the UK

A

> flat land- more accessible
industrial revolution- rapid growth of factory towns- industrial cities grew rapidly
jobs change to tertiary as factories move abroad

17
Q

Changes in RETAILING

A

Decentralisation of retailing- movement of retail centres to outskirts of city - merry hill

18
Q

Why there is a change in RETAILING

A

> increased car ownership- ability to park for free
cheaper land- bigger shops
suburbanisation- people now located out of cities
better shopping experience

19
Q

IMPACT of retailing becoming decentralised

A

decline of city centre trade in CBD declined by 12% so Bull ring reopened in 2003

20
Q

National migration TO birmingham

A

increaseed investment in CBD more jobs. increased number of students= 2nd largest student population in uk 78000 in 2011

21
Q

National migration OUT of birmingham

A

elderly move out to retirement destinations eg bourmouth

22
Q

International migration TO birmingham

A

> responding to shortage of workers initally from asian community and eastern european
people fleeing conflict eg birmingham city council pledged to take 500 syrian refugees

23
Q

Making urban living more sustainable in Birmingham

SOCIAL

A

> 2012 new community centre in Sparkbrook housing 3 GP practices, library and offices for local start ups
youth promise pledged introduced to provide employment for 14-25
brimingham education partnership to recruit and retrain teachers in the area

24
Q

Making urban living more sustainable in Birmingham

ENVIRONMENT

A

> ranked 15th sustainable city in the UK, reduced carbon emissions by 12% in 2010
gas powered buses and series of bus lanes to improve transport sustainability
recycling rate 30.1%
ecofootprint 4.15 ha below UK average of 5.3ha feb 2016
£59 million project announced to improve energy efficiency of Birmingham homes

Geography (9 decks)

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