Physical Chemistry And Transition Elements Definitions Flashcards
Define homogeneous equilibrium
Equilibrium where all substances involved are in the same state
Define heterogeneous equilibrium
An equilibrium where substances involved are in different states
Define partial pressure
The pressure that would be exerted by one gas in a mixture if it occupied the container alone
Define bronsted-Lowry acid
A proton donor
Define bronsted-Lowry base
A proton acceptor
Define buffer solution
A system that minimises pH change on addition of small amounts of an acid or base
What is the carbonic acid-hydrogen carbonate buffer
The buffer system present in blood plasma, used to maintain blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45
Define conjugate acid-base pair
A pair of compounds that transform into each other by the transfer of a proton
Define dibasic acid
An acid that can donate 2 hydrogen atoms per molecule of the acid
Define equivalence point of a titration
The point during a titration when the amount of acid is exactly equal to the amount of base (full neutralisation)
Define enthalpy
A value that represents the heat content of a system
Define enthalpy change of atomisation
Enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from an element in its standard state
Define enthalpy change of formation
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements
Define enthalpy change of hydration.
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous ions are dissolved in water
Define enthalpy change of solution
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a solute is dissolved
Define first electron affinity
The amount of energy released when one mole of electrons is added to one mole of gaseous ions
Define lattice enthalpy
The formation of one mole of an ionic lattice from gaseous ions
Define entropy
A measure of the dispersal of energy in a system
Define free energy change
The feasibility of a reaction - depends on enthalpy change minus temperature x entropy change
If Gibbs’s is negative , reaction is feasible
