organic - synthetic routes - reaction pathways Flashcards by Keira Wheatley

Q

alkene –> alkane conditions

A

hydrogen/ nickel catalyst

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Q

alkene–> haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide e.g.(HBr)

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Q

alkane –> haloalkane

A

halogen (eg. Br2) + ultra violet

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Q

alcohol –> haloalkane

A

sodium halide / H2SO4

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Q

2ndary alcohol –> ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, reflux mechanism

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Q

ketone –> 2ndary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

primary alcohol –> carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, reflux mechanism

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Q

primary alcohol –> aldehyde

A

K2CrO7/ H2SO4, distillation

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Q

aldehyde –> primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

aldehyde –> carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux

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Q

alcohol –> ester

A

carboxylic acid/ conc H2SO4
or acid anhydride

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Q

ester –> carboxylate

A

OH- + heat

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Q

alkene –> alcohol

A

H20 (steam)/ H3PO4

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Q

alcohol –> alkene

A

H3PO4 or H2SO4 + heat

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Q

ketone –> hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN(aq) / H+ (aq)

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Q

hydroxynitrile –> amine

A

H2/ Nickel catalyst

Q

nitrile –> amine

A

H2/ Nickel catalyst

Q

haloalkane –> nitrile

A

CN-/ ethanol

Q

haloalkane –> amine

A

NH3/ ethanol

Q

ester –> carboxylic acid

A

dilute acid, heat

Q

carboxylic acid –> ester

A

alcohol/ conc H2SO4

Q

acyl chloride –> ester

A

alcohol

Q

nitrile –> carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl + heat

Q

carboxylic acid –> acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

Q

acyl chloride –> carboxylic acid

A

H2O

Q

acyl chloride –> primary amide

A

NH3

Q

acyl chloride –> secondary amide

A

primary amine