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chemical analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

calcium (Ca2+) flame test result

A

orange-red flame

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2
Q

copper (Cu2+) flame test result

A

green flame

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3
Q

sodium (Na+) flame test result

A

yellow/orange

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4
Q

potassium (K+) flame test result

A

lilac flame

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5
Q

lithium (Li+) flame test result

A

crimson flame

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6
Q

what do group 3 metal ions do when reacted with sodium hydroxide

A

form a white precipitate that redissolves in excess sodium hydroxide

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7
Q

what colour precipitate do group 1 and 2 metal ions form when reacted with sodium hydroxide

A

white precipitate

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8
Q

what colour precipitate does iron (II) form?

A

green precipitate

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9
Q

what colour precipitate does iron (III) form?

A

brown precipitate

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10
Q

what colour precipitate does copper (II) form?

A

blue precipitate

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11
Q

what are the products of reactions between a carbonate and a dilute acid

A

a salt
water
carbon dioxide

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12
Q

how do you test for halide ions?

A

add dilute nitric acid
then add silver nitrate

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13
Q

what halide ion forms a yellow precipitate

A

iodide

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14
Q

what halide ion forms a white precipitate

A

chloride ions

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15
Q

what colour precipitate does bromide ions form?

A

cream

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16
Q

what is the method for testing for sulfate ions?

A

acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid
add barium chloride

17
Q

what forms if sulfate ions are present?

A

a white precipitate

18
Q

why do we add nitric acid when testing for halides?

A

the nitric acid removes any carbonates,
stopping a precipitate forming with the silver added after

19
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of using instrumental methods in chemical analysis?

A

advantages:
greater sensitivity and accuracy
faster results
able to analyse smaller/ tiny samples

disadvantages:
instruments are often expensive
special training is required to operate the instruments
results are often only useful when compared to a known substance

20
Q

what is the method for flame emission spectroscopy? (2steps)

A

1)place a sample of the metal in a flame, light will be given off
2) light given off is captured by a spectroscope, the spectroscope produces a line spectrum by differentiating the different wavelengths

21
Q

what is the output of a spectroscope?

A

a line spectra

22
Q

what can we use flame emission spectroscopy to investigate?

A

what metal ions are present
what concentrations the ions are in

23
Q

what do impurities do to the boiling point of a substance?

A

increase the boiling point and increase the range at which the substance boils

24
Q
A

chemistry (9 decks)

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