Physical chem Flashcards
What is simple distillaiton
Simple distillation is used to separate a liquid and soluble solid from a solution (e.g., water from a solution of salt water) or a pure liquid from a mixture of liquid
The solution is heated to 100 degrees (boiling point of water) and the pure water vapour is put through a condenser into another flask which will then be pure water
—>leaving the water behind
What is fractional distillaiton
Fractional distillation is used to separate two or more liquids that are miscible with one another (e.g., ethanol and water from a mixture of the two)
The solution is heated to temp of substance with lowest bioling point which will rise and evapourate first
—>this then condenses and is separated
—>this is done for all the different substances
What is filltration
Separates insoluble solid from a mixture of solid and liquid
filter paper and beaker
pour solution
solid will be left behind
Whats crystalisation
used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution
heat solution, allowing solvent to evapourate leaving saturated behind
—>to test is saturated put a cold dry glass rod into solution and crystals will form if saturated
Saturated solutio leave to cool and crystalise
What is paper chromotography
used to separate substances that have different solubilities in a given solvent (ink)
When water moves up paper, the different coloured inks have different solubilities so travel at different rates
—>causes them to separate (more solubility=travel further)
How would you name the compound CaBr2
Calcium bromide
non-metal as surname
ending chnaged to -IDE to show they’re bonded
Name 3 different insoluble salts
Lead (II) sulfate
barium sulfate
calcium sulfate
Name two insoluble chlorides
Silver chloride
Lead (II) chloride
Ionic compounds _____ generally soluble in water compared to __________ substances
a) are
b) covalent
What is an ionic compound
Electron(s) lost or gained
metal+non-metal
