Energetics and equilibrium

Question 1

a) What charge to protons have?
b) What charge do neutrons have?
c) What charge do electrons have
d) The number of _____ equals the number of _______

Answer 1

a) positive
b) no charge
c) negative charge
d) protons, electrons

Question 2

What’s an ionic bond?

Answer 2

SEFABOCI

Question 3

Whats a covalent bond and how is it formed?

Answer 3

• A covalent bond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions and the neuclei involved
• formed by a pair of atoms sharing a pair of electrons, and the neuclei being involved in the bond

Question 4

What’s an ion?

Answer 4

an atom that has gained or lost an electrons

Question 5

Whats a dynamic equilibrium, and what conditions must it be in?

Answer 5

Rate of forward reaction=rate of reverse reaction
Amount of products and reactants are the same
Nothing appears to change

closed

Question 6

exothermic ______________ heat
endothermic ___________ heat

Answer 6

a) gives out
a) takes in

Question 7

a) Rate of ________ reaction = rate of _________ reaction

Answer 7

a) forward
b) reverse

Question 8

In a dynamic/chemical equilibriam, what condition must the reactions occur in and why?

Answer 8

A closed envorment, so no interaction with the surroundings and therefore nothing can be added or lost to or from the reaction

Question 9

Position of equilibrium
a) What is the rule of the position of equilibrium
b) A + B = C
10% 30% 60%
Where would equiliobrium shift to in this case?
c) A + B = C
10% 60% 20%
Where would equiliobrium shift to in this case?

Answer 9

a) After letting the reaction come to equilibrium, whichever side has the most substance is where the equilobrium shifts to
b) right is the position of equilibrium
c) left is the position of equilibrium

Question 10

what happens to the position of equilibrium if the pressure of the system is changed?

Answer 10

less pressure=shifts to side with more moles
more pressure=shifts to side with less moles

Question 11

what happens to the position of equilibrium if the temp of the system is changed, and how do we work this out?

Answer 11

If the temp of system at dynamic equilibrium is decreased (this is calculated by the enthalpy change), the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction of exothermic reaction

If the temp of system at dynamic equilibrium is increased, the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction of endothermic reaction

Question 12

Whats the copper sulfate test for water, give the chemical and word formula, describe the substances and how the forward and reverse reactions happen.

Answer 12

Check notes for full asnwer

Question 13

How does a catalyst affect a equilibrium reaction, and draw an energy graph to show this?

Answer 13

It speeds up the reaction by the same proportion in the forward and reverse reaction

Question 14

Q=MC^T
What do all these mean, and what is it used for?

Answer 14

M= mass
C= specific heat capacity
^T= change temp
Used for enthalpy change

Question 15

What type of cup would you use for an enthalpy change reaction and why?

Answer 15

Polestyrene cup for insulation

Question 16

What is the 3 step method when your working out the specific enthalpy change of a certain mole of fuel when it’s burnt

Answer 16

1. Q=MC^T
2. mole=mass/mr
3. ^H(enthalpy chnage)=Q/n(moles)

Do a practise Q

Question 17

Whats the ammonium chloride test, give the chemical and word formula, describe the substances and how the forward and reverse reactions happen.

Answer 17

check notes

Question 18

Draw a bond diagram and work out the energy change of the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 18

See equilibrium notibility fior answer