Biology Flashcards
what are gametes
sex cells
give an example of gametes in plants and animals
Human: egg cell and sperm cell
Plant: pollen grain and ovum
gametes have a _______ neucleus
gametes contain ____% of the needed genetic information
a) haploid
b) 50%
cells undergo a cell division called _______ to produce haploid gametes
Meaosis
what are the two main hormones that stimulates sexual development in females and males
Male: testosterone
Female: oestrogen
describe the route a sperm cell takes
-The sperm cell goes from the testes
-Up the sperm duct
-Into the prostate gland
- This is where it’s given nutrients and enzymes to live in the vagina (this is where it turns to semen)
-And exited the penis via the urethra
describe the route a sperm cell takes
-The sperm cell goes from the testes
-Up the sperm duct
-Into the prostate gland
- This is where it’s given nutrients and enzymes to live in the vagina (this is where it turns to semen)
-And exited the penis via the urethra
Gives 4 adaptations to the sperm cell and how there spezialised
Acrosome - has enzymes to break down teh cell membrane of the egg cell and some of the jelly
Midpeide - has lots of mitochondria and ATP so the cell has lots of energy
Neucleus - haploid so stores half the amount of chromosomes
Flagelum - streamlined tail to speed up movement
Gives 4 adaptations to the sperm cell and how there spezialised
Acrosome - has enzymes to break down teh cell membrane of the egg cell and some of the jelly
Midpeide - has lots of mitochondria and ATP so the cell has lots of energy
Neucleus - haploid so stores half the amount of chromosomes
Flagelum - streamlined tail to speed up movement
Give 3 adaptation of an egg cell
-Membrane to control what goes in and out f the cell
-Protective jelly
-Haploid neucleus
A ball of cells in which the egg cell matures
Follicle
The shredding of egg from ovary (and what day of cycle does this occur)
What hormone is active at this point?
Ovulation - day 14
LH (it promotes pogesterone production)
Bleeding that occurs when the lining of uterus is shed. Concequence of falling levels of __________
a)Menstruation
Pb)rogesterone
Hormone thats released from the brain (pertuitary gland), that promotes egg ________ in the follicle. It also promotes the release of ___________
(what days does this occur)
FSH
b) maturation
c) oestrogen
roughly days 6-13
Hormone responsible for the maintanence of the uterus lining, and forms the c_____ lu_______
at what point is this happening
Progesterone
corpus luteum
15-28
which nutrients does the mother deliver to the baby through the placenta
amino acids, glucose and oxygen
What waste products does the placenta remove from the babys blood
CO2 and urea
The placenta acts as a barrier that protects the baby by filtering out what substances
harmful chemicals and pathogens (like alcohol, drugs and viruses) however they can still pass through