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A level geography > Physical Case Studies > Flashcards

Physical Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Which Case Study Is Tsunamis

A

Miyako

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2
Q

Which Four Plates Meet At Japan

A

Philippine
Pacific
Eurasia
North American

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3
Q

How Tall Was The Tsunami Wave

A

10m

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4
Q

What Magnitude Was The Tohoku Earthquake

A

Magnitude 9

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5
Q

Which Two Plates Caused The Japanese Earthquake

A

North American plate was being dragged under the Pacific plate then slipped upwards

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6
Q

Which Two Plates Caused The Japanese Earthquake

A

North American plate was being dragged under the Pacific plate then slipped upwards

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7
Q

How Many Waves Were Created By The Earthquake

A

10

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8
Q

How Far Apart Were The Waves

A

1km

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9
Q

How Fast Was The Tsunami

A

100km/h

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10
Q

How Far Inland Did It Surge Inland

A

10km

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11
Q

How Much Did Sea Levels Rise

A

25ft

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12
Q

What Year Was The Miyako Tsunami

A

2011

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13
Q

How Tall Was The Sea Wall

A

25ft

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14
Q

Hoe Far Over The Sea Wall Did The Water Go

A

13ft

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15
Q

How Many Boats Were Destroyed In The Tsunami

A

900

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16
Q

How Many People Died In The Miyako Tsunami

A

420

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17
Q

How Many Buildings Were Destroyed During The Miyako Tsunami

A

4005 buildings

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18
Q

Name Long Term Responses To Miyako

A

In 2013 Japan added an upgraded Tsunami warning system.
Japan set up an advisory body called the Reconstruction Design Council to plan the longterm growth of the region

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19
Q

Short Term Responses To Miyako

A

Helicopter crews picked people up off their roofs
100,000 soldiers mobilized to help
Offers of Aid poured in from USA and China
The UK sent 63 search and rescue specialists

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20
Q

What Plate Boundary Does Haiti Sit On

A

Conservative plate between North America and Caribbean

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21
Q

What Was The Magnitude Of The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

Magnitude 7

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22
Q

How Deep Was The Focus Point Of The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

5 miles

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23
Q

How Much Slippage Was There In The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

1.8 meters

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24
Q

Population Of Haiti

A

10 million

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25
Q

Status Of Haiti’s Economy

A

Poorest country in the western hemisphere

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26
Q

How Much Do The People Of Haiti Make Per Day

A

80% are on $2 a day

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27
Q

What Event Meant That Haiti Was Still Recovering When The 2010 Earthquake Hit

A

In 2008 a hurricane caused 800 deaths and destroyed 60% of crops

28
Q

List The Ways That Haiti Was Not Prepared For The Earthquake

A

No building codes meant no earthquake resistant buildings.
No emergency disaster plan.
Lack of awareness or education about Earthquakes

29
Q

Primary Impacts Of 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

250,000 deaths
1 million homeless
70% of buildings damaged
Hospitals and schools were damaged
Transport was badly damaged
Prisons damaged, convicts escaped

30
Q

Secondary Impacts Of 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

$8 billion in damage.
1/5 lost their job.
Brain drain.
Water delivered once a week.
Poor sanitation.
7000 dead from Cholera

31
Q

Short Term Responses To The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

$4 million in aid from US and EU.
1,500 camps set up.
4.3 million people given rations.
Confusion over who was in charge.
Search and rescue slowed by lack of communication

32
Q

Long Term Responses To The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

Water Sanitation eventually supplied for 1.7 million people.
Temporary schools set up.
Cash/food for work programs.
98% of rubble not cleared, still restricting access.
Seismic hazard map.
Disaster plan formed

33
Q

What Was The Plan Of Action Developed After The 2010 Haiti Earthquake

A

Territorial rebuilding: decentralization of services.
Economic rebuilding:modernization and further development of agriculture, manufacturing, construction and tourism.
Social rebuilding
Institutional rebuilding

34
Q

Haiti As A Multi Hazardous Environment Background Facts

A

On a conservative lateral slip boundary.
Hilly Geology: most densely populated areas are in valleys and flood plains.
Poorly constructed and densely populated.

35
Q

How Does Haiti’s Geographical Location Put it at a higher risk of Multiple hazards

A

Haiti’s position leaves it open to strong hurricanes forming in ideal conditions over the atlantic and being drawn over the carribbean

36
Q

Between 1963-2016 how many hurricanes hit Haiti

A

7

37
Q

State Points about Hurricane Matthew

A

2016, late september
catagory 5
250 miles across
winds of over 160mph
caused over $10 billion in damages
Haiti was just starting to recover from the 2010 hurricane
1,600 deaths
further contamination of water supplies
International relief efforts were more coordinated and efficient this time

38
Q

Deforestation in Haiti

A

Only 2% of Haiti is forested
Losing 30 million trees per year
soil isn’t held together becuase no roots to hold it
Mudslides

39
Q

Solution to Deforestation in Haiti

A

Aid agencies are planting trees and shrubs
Lambi fund is planting 1 million trees
programs to get Haititans to change thier life style

40
Q

Haiti as a multi hazardous environment Disaster Risk Management Plan

A

After 2010 quake vaulnerability went down and emergency plans, preparedness and understanding risks became key themes for Haitian gov and innternational community.
Aims to bring DMR and transport units together to build local capacity.

41
Q

Results of Haiti’s Disaster risk management plan

A
42
Q

What Epidemic Was Haiti Suffering From Before Hurricane Matthew

A

Cholera

43
Q

What year was hurricane Katarina

A

August 2005

44
Q

Situation of New Orleans

A

In a basin below sea level
In Louisiana
Delta of the Mississippi river

45
Q

What protects the city from the flooding

A

Levee’s either side of the river

46
Q

Wind speed of Hurricane Katarina

A

180kmh winds

47
Q

What happened after the storm

A

The day after the storm had passed the Levee’s broke and within 24 hours 80% of the city was under water. people were trapped in their homes and all roads lead to floods. food became scares quickly and was only delivered 2 days later. Hospitals had to evacuate patients by boat.

48
Q

Governments response to Hurricane Katarina

A

The government were slow to respond. slow evacuations began, some emergency aid began to reach the city. helicopters began to resuce more people. 23,000 people crammed into the super bowl without proper sanatation. was like a refugee camp. Convoys of buses began to remove people from the city. 6 days after the storm the city was almost empty.

49
Q

Explain Communism in Cuba

A

People are completely reliant on the government to provide basic needs. But the government is not efficient in all areas. 1959 revolutions promised 100% employment by the government but there are now 201 catagories of private jobs allowed. This has not deterred foreign investment. GDP per capita is $9,499

50
Q

How many hurricanes occured between 2020-2022 in Cuba

A

4

51
Q

Define tropical revolving storms

A

Intense low pressure waether systems that develop in the tropics

52
Q

What Conditions are needed for a tropical revolving storm to occur

A

sea temps above 27 degrees
ocean needs to be at least 70m deep to provide the moisture to produce latent heat
location of 5 degrees north or south of the equator to allow the corriolis force to rotate air flow
converging air in the lower atmosphere

53
Q

Outline the structure of a tropical storm

A

Eye: 10-15km, calm, clear deceanding and warming air
whole thing acts as a convection current
surrounding eye can reach 300km/h
surrounding is cool dense air
land surface or cooler waters reduce energy

54
Q

Outline the distribution of Tropical storms

A

5-20 degrees N and S of equator
move westwards
last and average of 7-14 days
80-100 per year

55
Q

How is Hurricane Magnitude Measured

A

Saffir-Sampson scale. 1-5 scale based on intensity

56
Q

Factors effecting the impacts of Hurricanes

A

intensity of storm
speed of storm
distance from sea
physical geography of coasts
community preparedness
warning and community responses

57
Q

Where is Monserrat

A

chain of islands in Caribbean. Lies on a destructive plate boundary, north american and caribbean.

58
Q

When did monserrat errupt

A

july 1995

59
Q

When did monserrat show signs of erruption

A

a few weeks before, mud and pyroclastic flows started and the capital was evacuated.

60
Q

What happened during monserrat

A

Andesite lava was so thick that it built into a dome and then fell like a burning hot avalanch of lava block, gas and dust. areas were evacuated

61
Q

How long Did the Monserrat volcano erupt for

A
62
Q

Short term effects of Monserrat

A

2/3 of the island covered in ash
50% of population evacuated
floods occured as ash blocked valleys
airports and ports were closed
farmland was destroyed and forest fires started due to lava
gases poisoned animals and plants

63
Q

Long term effects of monserrat

A

most of the southern area was destoryed
government provided housing was cheap and not storm resistant
5,000 people evacuated
70% rise in rent
more than half the population left the island
unemployment rose from 7% to 50%

64
Q

Economic Impacts of Monserrat

A

UK has invessted more than £400 million into the island since the crisis
Significantly less tourism
erruption damaged fishing industry
ash on crops ment loss of profits

65
Q

Mitigation techniques for Monserrat

A

warning sirens tested everyday at 12noon
exclusion zones

A level geography (9 decks)

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