Physical Case Studies Flashcards
Which Case Study Is Tsunamis
Miyako
Which Four Plates Meet At Japan
Philippine
Pacific
Eurasia
North American
How Tall Was The Tsunami Wave
10m
What Magnitude Was The Tohoku Earthquake
Magnitude 9
Which Two Plates Caused The Japanese Earthquake
North American plate was being dragged under the Pacific plate then slipped upwards
Which Two Plates Caused The Japanese Earthquake
North American plate was being dragged under the Pacific plate then slipped upwards
How Many Waves Were Created By The Earthquake
10
How Far Apart Were The Waves
1km
How Fast Was The Tsunami
100km/h
How Far Inland Did It Surge Inland
10km
How Much Did Sea Levels Rise
25ft
What Year Was The Miyako Tsunami
2011
How Tall Was The Sea Wall
25ft
Hoe Far Over The Sea Wall Did The Water Go
13ft
How Many Boats Were Destroyed In The Tsunami
900
How Many People Died In The Miyako Tsunami
420
How Many Buildings Were Destroyed During The Miyako Tsunami
4005 buildings
Name Long Term Responses To Miyako
In 2013 Japan added an upgraded Tsunami warning system.
Japan set up an advisory body called the Reconstruction Design Council to plan the longterm growth of the region
Short Term Responses To Miyako
Helicopter crews picked people up off their roofs
100,000 soldiers mobilized to help
Offers of Aid poured in from USA and China
The UK sent 63 search and rescue specialists
What Plate Boundary Does Haiti Sit On
Conservative plate between North America and Caribbean
What Was The Magnitude Of The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Magnitude 7
How Deep Was The Focus Point Of The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
5 miles
How Much Slippage Was There In The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
1.8 meters
Population Of Haiti
10 million
Status Of Haiti’s Economy
Poorest country in the western hemisphere
How Much Do The People Of Haiti Make Per Day
80% are on $2 a day
What Event Meant That Haiti Was Still Recovering When The 2010 Earthquake Hit
In 2008 a hurricane caused 800 deaths and destroyed 60% of crops
List The Ways That Haiti Was Not Prepared For The Earthquake
No building codes meant no earthquake resistant buildings.
No emergency disaster plan.
Lack of awareness or education about Earthquakes
Primary Impacts Of 2010 Haiti Earthquake
250,000 deaths
1 million homeless
70% of buildings damaged
Hospitals and schools were damaged
Transport was badly damaged
Prisons damaged, convicts escaped
Secondary Impacts Of 2010 Haiti Earthquake
$8 billion in damage.
1/5 lost their job.
Brain drain.
Water delivered once a week.
Poor sanitation.
7000 dead from Cholera
Short Term Responses To The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
$4 million in aid from US and EU.
1,500 camps set up.
4.3 million people given rations.
Confusion over who was in charge.
Search and rescue slowed by lack of communication
Long Term Responses To The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Water Sanitation eventually supplied for 1.7 million people.
Temporary schools set up.
Cash/food for work programs.
98% of rubble not cleared, still restricting access.
Seismic hazard map.
Disaster plan formed
What Was The Plan Of Action Developed After The 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Territorial rebuilding: decentralization of services.
Economic rebuilding:modernization and further development of agriculture, manufacturing, construction and tourism.
Social rebuilding
Institutional rebuilding
Haiti As A Multi Hazardous Environment Background Facts
On a conservative lateral slip boundary.
Hilly Geology: most densely populated areas are in valleys and flood plains.
Poorly constructed and densely populated.
How Does Haiti’s Geographical Location Put it at a higher risk of Multiple hazards
Haiti’s position leaves it open to strong hurricanes forming in ideal conditions over the atlantic and being drawn over the carribbean
Between 1963-2016 how many hurricanes hit Haiti
7
State Points about Hurricane Matthew
2016, late september
catagory 5
250 miles across
winds of over 160mph
caused over $10 billion in damages
Haiti was just starting to recover from the 2010 hurricane
1,600 deaths
further contamination of water supplies
International relief efforts were more coordinated and efficient this time
Deforestation in Haiti
Only 2% of Haiti is forested
Losing 30 million trees per year
soil isn’t held together becuase no roots to hold it
Mudslides
Solution to Deforestation in Haiti
Aid agencies are planting trees and shrubs
Lambi fund is planting 1 million trees
programs to get Haititans to change thier life style
Haiti as a multi hazardous environment Disaster Risk Management Plan
After 2010 quake vaulnerability went down and emergency plans, preparedness and understanding risks became key themes for Haitian gov and innternational community.
Aims to bring DMR and transport units together to build local capacity.
Results of Haiti’s Disaster risk management plan
What Epidemic Was Haiti Suffering From Before Hurricane Matthew
Cholera
What year was hurricane Katarina
August 2005
Situation of New Orleans
In a basin below sea level
In Louisiana
Delta of the Mississippi river
What protects the city from the flooding
Levee’s either side of the river
Wind speed of Hurricane Katarina
180kmh winds
What happened after the storm
The day after the storm had passed the Levee’s broke and within 24 hours 80% of the city was under water. people were trapped in their homes and all roads lead to floods. food became scares quickly and was only delivered 2 days later. Hospitals had to evacuate patients by boat.
Governments response to Hurricane Katarina
The government were slow to respond. slow evacuations began, some emergency aid began to reach the city. helicopters began to resuce more people. 23,000 people crammed into the super bowl without proper sanatation. was like a refugee camp. Convoys of buses began to remove people from the city. 6 days after the storm the city was almost empty.
Explain Communism in Cuba
People are completely reliant on the government to provide basic needs. But the government is not efficient in all areas. 1959 revolutions promised 100% employment by the government but there are now 201 catagories of private jobs allowed. This has not deterred foreign investment. GDP per capita is $9,499
How many hurricanes occured between 2020-2022 in Cuba
4
Define tropical revolving storms
Intense low pressure waether systems that develop in the tropics
What Conditions are needed for a tropical revolving storm to occur
sea temps above 27 degrees
ocean needs to be at least 70m deep to provide the moisture to produce latent heat
location of 5 degrees north or south of the equator to allow the corriolis force to rotate air flow
converging air in the lower atmosphere
Outline the structure of a tropical storm
Eye: 10-15km, calm, clear deceanding and warming air
whole thing acts as a convection current
surrounding eye can reach 300km/h
surrounding is cool dense air
land surface or cooler waters reduce energy
Outline the distribution of Tropical storms
5-20 degrees N and S of equator
move westwards
last and average of 7-14 days
80-100 per year
How is Hurricane Magnitude Measured
Saffir-Sampson scale. 1-5 scale based on intensity
Factors effecting the impacts of Hurricanes
intensity of storm
speed of storm
distance from sea
physical geography of coasts
community preparedness
warning and community responses
Where is Monserrat
chain of islands in Caribbean. Lies on a destructive plate boundary, north american and caribbean.
When did monserrat errupt
july 1995
When did monserrat show signs of erruption
a few weeks before, mud and pyroclastic flows started and the capital was evacuated.
What happened during monserrat
Andesite lava was so thick that it built into a dome and then fell like a burning hot avalanch of lava block, gas and dust. areas were evacuated
How long Did the Monserrat volcano erupt for
Short term effects of Monserrat
2/3 of the island covered in ash
50% of population evacuated
floods occured as ash blocked valleys
airports and ports were closed
farmland was destroyed and forest fires started due to lava
gases poisoned animals and plants
Long term effects of monserrat
most of the southern area was destoryed
government provided housing was cheap and not storm resistant
5,000 people evacuated
70% rise in rent
more than half the population left the island
unemployment rose from 7% to 50%
Economic Impacts of Monserrat
UK has invessted more than £400 million into the island since the crisis
Significantly less tourism
erruption damaged fishing industry
ash on crops ment loss of profits
Mitigation techniques for Monserrat
warning sirens tested everyday at 12noon
exclusion zones
