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Pediatrics Unit 1 > Physical Assessment of a Pediatric Patient > Flashcards

Physical Assessment of a Pediatric Patient Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart rate range for an infant?

A

80-150

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2
Q

What is the heart rate range for a toddler?

A

70-120

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3
Q

What is the heart rate range for a preschooler?

A

65-110

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4
Q

What is the heart rate range for a school-age child?

A

60-100

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5
Q

What is the heart rate range for a adolescent?

A

55-95

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6
Q

What is the respiratory rate range for an infant?

A

25-55

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7
Q

What is the respiratory rate range for a toddler?

A

20-30

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8
Q

What is the respiratory rate range for a preschooler?

A

20-25

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9
Q

What is the respiratory rate range for a school-age child?

A

14-26

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10
Q

What is the respiratory rate range for a adolescent?

A

12-20

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11
Q

Temperature

A

Multiple methods. Temps greater than 100.4 F most likely is treated. Child must be able to hold mouth closed around thermometer probe to use oral method.

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12
Q

Average blood pressure for an infant?

A

80/55

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13
Q

Average blood pressure for a toddler and/or preschooler?

A

90-110/55 to 75

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14
Q

Average blood pressure for a school-age child?

A

100-120/60-75

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15
Q

Average blood pressure for an adolescent?

A

100-120/70-80

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16
Q

Pulse Ox

A

Generally greater than 94% is considered within normal limits. A wrap-around pulse oximeter probe may be used on the hand or foot instead of the one that clips on.

17
Q

Weight

A

> Infant/younger toddlers: weighed with no clothing on infant scale

> Older toddlers and Up: minimal clothing (t-shirt/shorts or pants) on standing scale

18
Q

Length/Height

A

Growth charts based on recumbent (laying) length up to 2 years of age. Standing height >2 years

19
Q

Head Circumference

A

Head circumference until 3rd birthday. Longer if concerns (hydrocephalus)

20
Q

FLACC Scale

A

Behavioral assessment tool based on facial expression, legs, activity, cry, consolability. For nonverbal use

21
Q

Ouch Scale

A

Used for 3-12 years old. Have child select face the represents how they feel

22
Q

FACES

A

Used for 3-8 years old. Have child select face that represents how they feel

23
Q

Visual Analog

A

Used in children 5 and older. Child makes line the represents level of pain

24
Q

Numeric Scale

A

Usually starting at age 8 years. Child should know how to count and quantify numbers.

25
Q

Skin

A

Skin: assess same parameters as adult. Some areas of concern based on age

Children in diapers pay attention to perineal areas for redness, rash, breakdown

Adolescents: assess for acne

Hygiene of child should also be assessed

Peripheral pulses: infants and younger children best palpated: brachial and femoral. Older children: radial and dorsals pedis/posterior tibial

26
Q

Hair

A

Distribution, texture, infestation (lice), cleanliness

Head: Infants-anterior (close by 9-18 months) and posterior fontanel (close by 2-3 months). Assess for symmetry, plagiocephaly, attainment of head control

27
Q

EENT

A

Similar areas as adults

Throat: For infants, easier to assess during a yawn or cry.

Assess for color, drainage, exudate. Tonsils usually not seen in infants, tend to be larger in toddlers and then decrease in size

Teeth: number, caries, cleanliness

Infants are nasal breathers- assess for latency of nares

28
Q

Chest

A

Inspection: symmetry, ease of respirations- not any retractions- infants and younger children may see retractions when in distress, accessory muscle use, AP:T- may be equal in infants and move to 1:2 ratio by 5-6 years

Lungs: Auscultate anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Note adventitious sounds. Note that nasal congestion in infants and younger children may refer to the lungs.

Auscultate: Listen to all 4 sites: aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and mitral. Point of maximal impulse (apical point). Up to age 4 years: 3rd-4th intercostal space, just medial if left MCL.

4-6 years: 4th ICS at left MCL
7 and older: 5th ICS at MCL or just lateral to MCL

29
Q

Abdomen

A

Inspect size, shape, symmetry. Infants and toddlers rounded abdomen

Auscultate: All four quadrants

Palpate: in supine position, flex legs up

30
Q

Genitalia

A

Inspect for drainage, redness, pain with urination

31
Q

Tanner Staging

A

Looks at pubertal changes in male and female related to reproductive system, great development, body hair.

32
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Monitor for range of motion, symmetry, hypertonia, hypotonia

33
Q

Nervous System

A

LOC: younger children demonstrate orientation by observing interactions with family members, crying/fussing appropriately

School-age should be oriented to name, place and time

Assess balance and coordination as appropriate for age

Reflexes- not prolonged newborn or primitive reflexes

Assess attainment of developmental milestone.

Pediatrics Unit 1 (6 decks)

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