Developmental Theories Flashcards
What is Erikson’s Developmental theory for an Infant?
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 1 year)
What is Piaget Development Theory for an Infant?
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
Which development theory is being explained?
> Met as infant’s basic needs are quickly met: feeding, changing diapers, holding, etc
Older infants may be able to tolerate small delays in gratification
Not met: develop and inability to trust, withdrawal, isolation
Trust vs. Mistrust
Which development theory is being explained?
> Uses senses and motor abilities to learn about environment
> Moves from reflexive to more purposeful
> Start to recognize familiar objects
> May repeat actions (4-8 months)
> Development of object permanence (start at about 4 months- fully developed by 8 months)
Sensorimotor
What is Erikson’s Developmental Theory for a toddler?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
What is Piaget’s Developmental Theory for a toddler?
Sensorimotor up to 2 years/ Preoperational (2-7)
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Exerts autonomy
> Exercises self-control
> Separates from parent/caregiver
> Improved delayed gratification
> Negativism is common
> Imitate adults and playmates
> Cannot take turns yet
> Spontaneously show affection
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Increased object permanence
> Uses all senses
> Imitates more and become symbolic
> Start to think before act
> Follow simple directions
> Sense of ownership
> Understanding of time, space, and causality begins
> Uses mental trial and error
> Make simple mechanical toys work
> Plays make-believe
> Sorts objects by shape and color
> Complete 4 piece puzzle
> Starts connecting past experiences to present
Sensorimotor up to 2 years/ Preoperational (2-7)
What is Erikson’s Developmental Theory for a Preschooler?
Initiative vs. Guilt
What is Piaget’s Developmental Theory for Preschooler?
Preoperational
What developmental stage is being explained?
> Likes to please parents
> Begins to plan activities, make up games
> Initiates activities with others
> Acts out roles of real people
> Develops sexual identity
> Develops conscience
> May take out frustrations on siblings
> Likes exploring new things
> Feels remorse when makes wrong choice
> Cooperates with other children
> Negotiates solutions to conflicts
Initiative vs Guilt
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Egocentric (starts to decrease around 4 years)
> Short attention span
> Magical span
> Learns through observing and imitating
> Animism
> Forms concepts not as complete/logical as adult
> Make simple classifications- relate concepts after 4 years
> Not as logical as adult
> Understands opposites (by age 4)
> Active imagination
> Tolerate others’ difference by does not understand
> Curious about facts
> More realistic sense of causality
> More intuitive after 4 years
> Tolerates others differences, not always understand them
Preoperational
What is Erikson’s Developmental Theory for school-age children?
Industry vs. Inferiority
What is Piaget’s Developmental Theory for school-age children?
Concrete Operational
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Interested in how things work/made
> Success in personal and social tasks
> Increased interest in knowledge
> Support and encouragement important, especially when not successful
> Inferiority may develop with repeated failure without much support from others
Industry vs. Inferiority
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Learns by manipulating objects
> Unable to think abstractly
> Learns principle of conservation
> Understands concept of time
> Learns serial ordering, addition, subtraction
> Classifies objects by common elements
> Understands relationship among objects
> Starts collections
> Can reverse thought process
Concrete Operational
What is Erikson’s Developmental Theory for an adolescent?
Identity vs Role Confusion
What is Piaget Developmental Theory for an adolescent?
Formal Operations
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Focus on body changes, labile moods, conformity to peers important, strive to master skills, identifies with same-sex peers, takes more responsibility for own behavior
Early: Identity vs Role Confusion
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Continues to adjust to body images, tries out different roles, need for peers acceptance highest, interested in opposite sex, time of greatest conflict with parents
Middle: Identity vs Role Confusion
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Able to understand implication of behaviors/choices, feels secure with body image, idealistic career goals
Late: Identity vs Role Confusion
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Limited abstract thinking, egocentric thinking
Early: Formal Operations
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Increased ability to think abstractly, able to solve verbal and mental problems, think invincible, likes to make independent decisions
Middle: Formal Operations
What developmental theory is being explained?
> Abstract thinking established, develops critical thinking, less risky behaviors, develops realistic goals/career plans
Late: Formal Operations
