Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

Gastroenteritis

Answer 1

The small intestine retracts to the various causes of gastroenteritis with increased luminal fluids that cannot be absorbed

Viral infection that infects the stomach lining causing more excretion

Question 2

Signs/Symptom of Gastroenteritis

Answer 2

Abdominal pain

Vomiting

Severe diarrhea

Abdominal cramping and fever

Question 3

Nursing Interventions for Gastroenteritis

Answer 3

Encourage fluids

Weigh the child daily

Maintain infection control precautions

Question 4

Assessments for Gastroenteritis

Answer 4

Abdominal:
1. Abdomen: Distended (possibly), more soft and tender
2. Bowel sounds: Hyperactive

Low urine output

Skin tenting

Bloody stools

Capillary refill delayed

Pulses are weaker, mottled extremities

Question 5

Complications of Gastroenteritis

Answer 5

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 6

Labs to evaluate for gastroenteritis

Answer 6

BMP

BUN/Creatine

Specific gravity

Stool sample

CBC (hemoglobin and hematocrit will be elevated (dehydration)

Question 7

Cleft Lip

Answer 7

The lip or palate not forming correctly in utero

Question 8

Signs/Symptoms of a Cleft lip or palate

Answer 8

Pregnancy Risk Factors for development of cleft lip include:

1. Maternal smoking
2. Prenatal infection
3. Advanced Age
4. Use of certain medications during pregnancy

Question 9

Assessments for Cleft Lip or Palate

Answer 9

1. Pain
2. Breathing/Airway
3. Parent/Infant bonding
4. Sucking
5. Psychosocial
6. Feeding
7. Weight

Question 10

Complications of Cleft Lip or Palate

Answer 10

1. Failure to Thrive
2. Aspiration
3. Otis Media
4. Speech impairment
5. Dental Problems

Question 11

Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 11

Thickening of pyloric muscle; hypertrophic and over times because larger and closes.

Question 12

Signs/Symptoms of Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 12

Projectile vomiting

Hunger soon after vomiting

Weight loss due to vomiting

Palpate for a hard, moveable “olive” in the RUQ

Question 13

Complications of Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 13

1. Dehydration
2. Electrolytes
3. Weight loss

Question 14

Labs to evaluate for Pyloric Stenosis

Answer 14

Electrolytes

Question 15

Fever

Answer 15

The body’s response to something happening in the body

Question 16

Fever Management

Answer 16

1. Sponging with tepid water controversial, if used, stop if shivering or discomfort
2. Watch for dehydration
3. NEVER use aspirin to treat fever
4. Antipyretics if child experience discomfort
5. Treat initially by increasing fluids and decreasing activity

Call Provider If:
1. Temp >100.4 is less than 3 months
2. Child is lethargic or listless
3. Fever last >3-5 days
4. Temp >105

Question 17

Mild Dehydration

Answer 17

Mental Status: Alert
Fontanels: Soft and Flat
Eyes: Normal
Oral Mucosa: Pink and Moist
Skin Turgor: Elastic
Heart Rate: Normal
Blood Pressure: Normal
Extremities: Warm, Pink, Brisk Capillary Refill
Urine Output: May be slightly increased

Question 18

Moderate Dehydration

Answer 18

Mental Status: Alert and Listless
Fontanels: Sunken
Eyes: Mildly sunken orbits
Oral Mucosa: Pale and Slightly Dry
Skin Turgor: Decreased
Heart Rate: May be increased
Blood Pressure: Normal
Extremities: Delayed Cap. Refill
Urine output: <1 mL/kg/hr

Question 19

Severe Dehydration

Answer 19

Mental Status: Alert to Comatose
Fontanels: Sunken
Eyes: Deeply sunken orbits
Oral Mucosa: Dry
Skin Turgor: Tenting
Heart Rate: Increased; progressing to bradycardia
Blood Pressure: Normal; progressing to hypotension
Extremities: Cool, mottled or dusky, significantly delayed cap. refill
Urine: Significantly <1mL/kg/hr