Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
Gastroenteritis
The small intestine retracts to the various causes of gastroenteritis with increased luminal fluids that cannot be absorbed
Viral infection that infects the stomach lining causing more excretion
Signs/Symptom of Gastroenteritis
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Severe diarrhea
Abdominal cramping and fever
Nursing Interventions for Gastroenteritis
Encourage fluids
Weigh the child daily
Maintain infection control precautions
Assessments for Gastroenteritis
Abdominal:
1. Abdomen: Distended (possibly), more soft and tender
2. Bowel sounds: Hyperactive
Low urine output
Skin tenting
Bloody stools
Capillary refill delayed
Pulses are weaker, mottled extremities
Complications of Gastroenteritis
Hypovolemic Shock
Labs to evaluate for gastroenteritis
BMP
BUN/Creatine
Specific gravity
Stool sample
CBC (hemoglobin and hematocrit will be elevated (dehydration)
Cleft Lip
The lip or palate not forming correctly in utero
Signs/Symptoms of a Cleft lip or palate
Pregnancy Risk Factors for development of cleft lip include:
- Maternal smoking
- Prenatal infection
- Advanced Age
- Use of certain medications during pregnancy
Assessments for Cleft Lip or Palate
- Pain
- Breathing/Airway
- Parent/Infant bonding
- Sucking
- Psychosocial
- Feeding
- Weight
Complications of Cleft Lip or Palate
- Failure to Thrive
- Aspiration
- Otis Media
- Speech impairment
- Dental Problems
Pyloric Stenosis
Thickening of pyloric muscle; hypertrophic and over times because larger and closes.
Signs/Symptoms of Pyloric Stenosis
Projectile vomiting
Hunger soon after vomiting
Weight loss due to vomiting
Palpate for a hard, moveable “olive” in the RUQ
Complications of Pyloric Stenosis
- Dehydration
- Electrolytes
- Weight loss
Labs to evaluate for Pyloric Stenosis
Electrolytes
Fever
The body’s response to something happening in the body
Fever Management
- Sponging with tepid water controversial, if used, stop if shivering or discomfort
- Watch for dehydration
- NEVER use aspirin to treat fever
- Antipyretics if child experience discomfort
- Treat initially by increasing fluids and decreasing activity
Call Provider If:
1. Temp >100.4 is less than 3 months
2. Child is lethargic or listless
3. Fever last >3-5 days
4. Temp >105
Mild Dehydration
Mental Status: Alert
Fontanels: Soft and Flat
Eyes: Normal
Oral Mucosa: Pink and Moist
Skin Turgor: Elastic
Heart Rate: Normal
Blood Pressure: Normal
Extremities: Warm, Pink, Brisk Capillary Refill
Urine Output: May be slightly increased
Moderate Dehydration
Mental Status: Alert and Listless
Fontanels: Sunken
Eyes: Mildly sunken orbits
Oral Mucosa: Pale and Slightly Dry
Skin Turgor: Decreased
Heart Rate: May be increased
Blood Pressure: Normal
Extremities: Delayed Cap. Refill
Urine output: <1 mL/kg/hr
Severe Dehydration
Mental Status: Alert to Comatose
Fontanels: Sunken
Eyes: Deeply sunken orbits
Oral Mucosa: Dry
Skin Turgor: Tenting
Heart Rate: Increased; progressing to bradycardia
Blood Pressure: Normal; progressing to hypotension
Extremities: Cool, mottled or dusky, significantly delayed cap. refill
Urine: Significantly <1mL/kg/hr
